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Across 4. permission for files or folders to give the user the ability to view its contents but not make changes 7. Packet Internet Groper; a troubleshooting tool used to verify connectivity to network resources 8. classifications associated with files that determine how the files can be viewed or edited 11. software patch that is installed to an application or operating system 16. the process of network devices communicating to synchronize transmission with each other 17. malicious software that disturbs normal computer operations or gathers personal data to give it out to unauthorized people over the Internet 19. permission that allows the user to view files and folders but not modify it or the attributes or even view the attributes 22. the process of converting scrambled data back into the original form so that it can be understood by the receiver 24. the process of turning ordinary data into a coded message 25. a programmer 26. information placed on a user's hard drive to track things such as shopping habits and preferences 28. identification issued by a trusted third party "certificate authority" such as VeriSign or Thawte that verifies the identification and that it belongs to the company or individual that it claims to be from 30. permission to a file or folder to add files or make changes to them but not delete them 31. a weakness in software or hardware that may results in the system, data or applications being at risk 32. virus that acts upon spreadsheet or word processor applications

Down 1. permission that can modify, take ownership of, and assign other users permission to the files or folder 2. contain patterns to identify viruses and must be kept up to data in order to identify newly created viruses 3. software or hardware used as a security device to prevent unauthorized users or information from transferring information to or from the network 4. Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks; using multiple hard drives to improve performance or for fault tolerance 5. program designed to copy itself into other programs stored on a computer 6. a method of identifying a person by using biological methods such as fingerprints, retinal scans, and voice 9. program that presents itself as something legitimate but may have destructive intents 10. illegally entering computer systems by getting people to reveal IDs, passwords, and other confidential information 12. a person who breaks into computer system or software without permission and with intent to do harm 13. a program that records everything typed in on a keyboard 14. a computer network that is privately maintained by an organization so that authorized persons can access it 15. the study of encryption 18. the process of verifying the identity of someone logging onto a network 20. junk, unsolicited e-mail 21. small program that is written to fix or update another program 23. a malicious in software or hardware that may results in the system, data or applications being at risk 27. permission of files or folders to be able to change or delete 29. forewarning of an attack on a computer system