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Across 3. Several food chains linked together and operating in the same ecosystem. 6. An organism using either the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce organic compounds out of inorganic starting materials. 8. An organism who feeds on living consumers. 12. Ecological ______________ have a base of producers and top layers of consumers; they show that only a small fraction of energy is transferred from each tropic level to the one above it in a food web. 13. The process autotrophs/producers use to produce sugars from water and carbon dioxide using energy from sunlight. 18. Any organism that relies is not either photosynthetic or chemosynthetic; these organisms rely on autotrophs to produce the energy containing molecules needed as food. 20. An organism whose food source is the remains of already dead organisms; examples include vultures and sometimes scavengers. 22. Members of the same species who live in the same area and normally exchange genes through breeding. 23. A group of individuals who have similar characterisitcs and DNA and who can breed together under natural conditions to produce fertile, healthy offspring. 24. A first level consumer whose food source is autotrophs/producers; an example would include a deer. 26. Transferred along with food FROM the population at the base of an arrow in the food web TO the population at the pointed tip of the arrow. 28. The remains of dead organisms; eaten by detritovores and sometimes by scavenging omnivores. 30. level of carnivore demonstrated by an owl who ate a snake who ate a frog who ate a bee who drank flower nectar. 31. Nonliving factors in an ecosystem such as climate, soil and water quality, terrain, sunlight intensity, etc. 32. Chemosynthetic organisms are found surrounding _____________ vents on the ocean floor.

Down 1. An organism that is not photosynthetic; also called a heterotroph. 2. Photosynthetic protists, also called algae, that are the autotrophs at the base of most aquatic ecosystems. 4. The total amount of living tissue in a trophic level or other ecological level. 5. Formation of organic molecules from inorganic sulfur containing particles rather than from carbon dioxide. 7. The percent of energy contained in a lower trophic level that is transferred to the next higher trophic level. 9. Every place on the earth and its atmosphere that supports life. 10. All of the populations living together and interacting within an ecosystem. 11. A word that means feeding. 14. Heterotrophic protists that feed on other phytoplankton, bacteria, or other heterotrophic protists; these are important links in aquatic ecosystems. 15. The study of interactions between organisms and their environment. 16. An organism for which food sources include either dead remains or metabolic wastes; these organisms are linked to every level in the food web, and they are essential for returning the nutrients N and P to producers. 17. An organism which eats from a variety of levels in the food web. For example, raccoons may eat plants, small herbivores like mice, carnivores like a bass, detritovores like a catfish, or decomposers like mushrooms of fungi. 19. The autotrophs that form the 1st level of most terrestrial (land) food webs and pyramids. 21. A geographical area, the communities living there, and all of the abiotic factors such as climate and soil quality. 25. Photosynthetic ____________________ form the base for most food webs in very salty bodies of water like some marine marshes or salt flats. 27. An autotroph; uses either photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce organic compounds. These are the 1st level of all food chains and webs. 29. The primary source of energy for the earth's ecosystems, except for those deep beneath the ocean's surface.