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Across 5. inflammation of a vein associated with thrombosus(blood clot) formation. most commonly seen in the legs of postoperative patient. indications:pain and cramping in the calf or thigh of the involved extremity, redness and swelling in the affected area, elevated temperature, increase in the diameter of the involved extremity 6. abrupt withdrawal may cause cardiovasculare collapse in long term use 9. the injections of an anesthetic agent such as lidocaine,bupivacaine, or tetracaine to a specific area of the body. administered by surgeon in minor, short term surgical or diagnostic procedure such a tissue biopsy. also may be administered during general anestesia procedures to prolong pain relief when the gernal anesthesia wears off. 11. diabetes mellitus, increase the risk for hypogycemia or acidosis and slow wound healing 12. remove a disease body part. appendectomy, subtotal throidectomy, partial gastrectomy, colon resection, amputation. 17. when combined with certain muscle relaxants used during surgery may cause respiratory paralysis 19. how long the surgery and postanesthesia care will last, and what will be done before, during, and after surgerym(procedure,meds, equipment) teach about the sensations they will experience(dry mouthand drowsiness, sore throat, gradual return of feeling, pain from incision) 21. may cause electrolyte imbalance with resulting respiratory depression form anesthesia 24. infants and older adults are at a greater risk for surgery than are children and young or middle aged adults. the infant has lower total blood volume, making even a small loss of blood a serious consideration bc of the risk for dehydration and the inability to respond to the need for increase o2 during surgery. infant also has trouble maintaining a stable body temp. physiological changes associated with aging increase the surgical risk for older adults. 28. type of legal document allow the patient to specify instructions for his or her health, care treatment shoul he or she be unable to communicate these wishes postoperatively. this allows the patient to discuss his or her wishes with family members in advance of the surgery 29. risk for hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock, hypotension, venous stasis, thrombophlebitis, and overhydration with IV fluids 31. nursing care provided for the patient before, during, and after surgery 36. inflammation of the alveoli as the result of an infectious process or the presence of foreign material. may occure postoperatively as a result of aspiration, infection, depressed cough reflex, increased secretion from anesthesia, dehydration, and immobilization. 39. outpatient same day surgery 41. an excessive internal or external blood loss. may lead to hypovolemic shock.may occure from a slipped suture, a dislodged clot in the wound, or stress on the surgical site, pathophysiologic conditions or certain medications.indications: restlessness, anxiety, and frank bleeding as well as hypotension; cold, clammy skin; a weak, thready, and rapid pulse; cool, mottled extremities; deep, rapid respirations; decreased unrine output; thirst; and apprehension. 42. pain reported by the patient is the determining factor of pain control, must be assesed as often as every 2 hours after major surgery, older patient is at risk for both undertreatment and overtreatment of pain. 43. must be done immediately to preserve life, a body part, or function. 44. method and technique of making potentially uncomfortable interventions tolerable and safe. administered systemically, to the whole body, or regionally to block nerve conduction. 45. primarly elective. restore function, remove skin lesions, correct deformities. examples: teeth extraction, removal of warts, skin biopsy, dilation and curettage, laparoscopy, cataract extraction, arthroscopy. 46. increase risk for postoperative complications. cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, kidney and liver disease, endocrine disease 47. to restore function to traumatized or malfunctioning tissue, improve self concept. scar revision, plastic suregery, skin graft, internal fixation of fracture, breast reconstuction

Down 1. occurs from a decrease in blood volume.common indications: same as those for hemorrhage. 2. most common cause of posto complications are cardiovascular and respiratory alterations,including atelectasis, pneumoniam thrombophlebitis, emboli. teach: deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry, leg exercises, turning in bed. 3. establish and maintain a therapeutic relationship, allowing the patient to verbalize fears and concerns; use active listening skills to identify and validate verbal and nonverbal messages revealing anxiety and fears; use touch; be prepared to respond to common questions 4. to confirm a diagnosis. breat biopsy, laparoscopy, exploratory laparotomy. 7. used on mucus membranes, open skin surfaces, wounds and burns. may be sprayed, spread, or applied with a compress of drug-saturated gauze or cotton- tipped applicators 8. carry out leg exercises every 2 to 4 hours; deep breathe and cough effectively every 2 hours; verbalize decreasing levels of pain; have a balance intake and output; regain normal bowel and bladder elimination; have a well- healed surgical incision; verbalize any concerns about appearance of wound; verbalize and demonstrate wound self-care 10. identifies risk factors and strengths in the patiens physical and psychosocial status and helps the nurse to individualize the preoperative assessment. include: pts developmental level, medical history, surgical history, perception and knowledge of surgery to be done, nutrition, use of alcohol, illicit durgs, or nicotine, ADL's, occupation, coping patterns and support system, sociocultural needs. 13. restore function in congenital anomalies. cleft palate repair, closure of atrial-septal defect. 14. remain free of neuromuscular injury; maintin intact skin surface; symmetric breathing patterns; free of injury from burns ,retained foreign objects, and wound contamination; maintain normothermia 15. influences response to anesthesia, affect fluid and electrolyte as well as acid-base balance, alter the metabloism and excretion of drugs, and impair wound healing 16. is done during this stage for the entire perioperative period,ex: is physically and emotionally prepared for surgery, demos turning, coughing, and deep breathing exercises, verbalizes understanding of postoperative pain management, maintains fluid intake and nutritional balance to meet needs;be free of injury and adverse effect related to positioning, retained foreign objects, or chemical, physical, or electrical hazards; be free from infection; maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and skin integrity; demonstrate and understanding of the physiologica and psychological responses to the planned suregery. 18. administration of drugs by the inhalation, IV, rectal, or oral rout to produce CNS depression. general desire are loss of consciousness, analgesia,relaxed skeletal muscles, and depressed reflexes. 20. procedure that is preplanned and based on the patients choice and availability of scheduling for the patient, surgeon, and facility. this is nonurgent procedure that does not have to be done immediately. 22. is not critical to survive or function. 23. begins when the patient is trasnferred to the OR bed until transfer to the postoperative recovery room 25. to relieve or reduce intensity of an illness; is not curative. colostomy, nerve root resection, debridment of necrotic tissue, ballon angioplasties, arthoscopy 26. anesthetic agent is injected near a nerve or nerve pathway in or around the operative site, inhibiting the transmission of sensory stimuli to CNS receptors. Nerve blocks, Apinal anesthesia,caufal and epidural anesthia 27. risk for respiratory depression from anesthesia as well as postoperative pneumonia, atelectasis, and alterations in acid-base balance 30. must be done within a reasonable short time frame to preserve health butis not an emergency 32. precipitate hemorrhage 33. to replace organ or structures that are diseased or malfunctioning. kidney, liver, cornea, heart, joints. 34. protects the patient, the physician, and the health care institution. the signed form legal document as well as the ethical imperative. the responsiblity for securing this informed consent lies with the person who will be performing the procedure; this is usually the physician. the nurse may sign as a witness, signifying that the patient signed without coercion and was alert awre of the act. patient always has the right to refuse treatment. not legal if the pt is confused, unconscious, sedated, mentally incompetent, or a minor. may be given by parent, spouse, next kin, legal gaurdian. 35. lasting from admission to the recovery area to complete recovery 36. begining with the decision, together with the surgeon, that surgery is necessary or wanted and will take place, and lasting until the patient is transferred to the OR bed.it is the nurses responsiblity to identify the factors that affect the risk of a surgical procedure. 37. incomplete expansion or collapse of alveoli with retained mucus, involving a portion of lung and resulting in poor gas exchange. indication: decreased lung sounds over the affected area, dyspnea, cyanosis, crackles, restlessness, and apprehension. 38. may be elective, urgent, or emergency. it is done to preserve life, remove or repair body part, restore function, improve/maintain health. examples are: carotid endarterectomy, cholectstectomy, colostomy, hysterectomy, trama repair, nephrectomy 40. moderate sedation, also called concious or procedural sedation, is used for short term and minimally invasive procedures. patient maintains cardiorespiratory function and can respond to verbal commands while the IV administration of sedatives raises the pain threshold and produces an alter mood with some degree of anesthia