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Across 2. Clinical manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance include dysrhythmias, confusion, vertigo, and increased reflexes 7. Clinical manifestations of this acid-base imbalance include light-headedness, difficulty concentrating, and numbness and tingling of the extremeties (2 words) 9. Substances move across a cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration using metabolic energy (2 words) 11. Measured as parts of solute per kilogram of water; done as part of a routine UA 15. Cell membranes of the body are completely permeable to water and _____ _____ to solutes 17. In third spacing, fluid shifts from the _____ space to an area where it is not accessible 20. Nursing interventions for this electrolyte imbalance include client movement and excercise as well as incouraging PO fluid intake 23. Carbon dioxide acts as a potential _______ 27. Clinical manifestations include positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs and numbness and tingling around the mouth 31. Able to accept hydrogen ions in solution 32. Fluid surrounding the cells (2 words) 33. Type of solution that has the same osmolality as body fluids 34. Medium for metabolic functions within the cell; transporter for nutrients, waste products, and other products 36. Release hydrogen ions in solution 37. Isotonic fluid losses usually due to abnormal losses from GI tract, skin, kidneys, decrease in fluid intake, bleeding, or third spacing 38. Organs primarily responsible for fluid and electrolyte regulation

Down 1. Thirst mechanism protects against this electrolyte imbalance 3. Fluid lost from lungs and skin that cannot be measured (3 words) 4. The principal electrolytes are sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate in _______ fluid 5. A solution of higher concentration exerts _____ _____ across a semipermeable membrane seperating it from an area of lower concentration 6. Type of solution that has a greater osmolality as body fluids 8. Risk factors for this Acid-Base Imbalace include asthma, narcotic overdose, and brain injuries (2 words) 10. Type of solution that has a lesser osmolality as body fluids 12. Fluid volume excess caused by increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, and increased capillary permeability 13. Risk factors for this acid base imbalance include vomiting and excessive antacid intake 14. Clincal manifestations of this acid-base imbalance include Kussmal's respirations and nausea and vomiting 16. Prevents excessive changes in pH by releasing or accepting hydrogen ions 18. A common risk factor for this electrolyte imbalance is renal failure and overzelous supplementation 19. Retained or eliminated by lungs in response to changes in the body's pH 21. _____ hormone increases as serum osmolality increases, allowing the body to retain more fluids 22. Age group at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances because of a rapid turnover of fluids and inability to concentrate urine 24. Electrolyte imbalance that may be caused by vomiting and gastric suctioning 25. Clinical manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance include GI hyperactivity as well as cardiac d 26. The principal electrolytes are potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and sulfate in the _______ fluid 27. Electrolyte imbalance that causes cellular edema in the brain and nervous system 28. A marathon runner has a higher concentration of solutes in the plasma as compared to the ICF, so water moves from the ICF to the plasma via ______ 29. Pressure exerted by plasma protiens that draws water from interstitial space into the vascular compartment maintaining vascular volume 30. Age group at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances because of a lower body compostion of water and intracellular fluid and decreased body response to regulating hormones 35. Abbr.; Constituting approximately 1/3 of the total body fluid; transport system carrying nutrients to and wastes away from cells 39. Abbr.; constituting approximately 2/3 the fluid in the body; vital to normal cell functioning