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Across 2. the primacy of a central pitch (tonic) in a scale / the tonic gives the other notes in scale a sense of order and function 4. (decibels) = Dynamics (loud & soft) 7. A melody with words 10. the sub-section of a song in which the text is repeated / main lyrical idea or emotional message 11. a recurring pattern of weak & strong pulses 12. Sharps & Flats 13. the weaving together of various parts into a musical piece / the number of melodic lines played at one time with or without harmonic accompaniment 14. a buzzing or fuzzy tone color achieved by overdriving the vacuum tubes on an amplifier / this sound effect can be simulated using solid state or digital sound processors 16. a larger subsection of a melody / antecedent & consequence 17. a recurring sequence of chords that provides harmonic accompaniment for a melody 18. single melody without harmonic accompaniment 19. size (quantity) / mode (quality & shape) 21. Rhythm (long & short) 26. pentatonic (five notes) / hexatonic (six notes) / septatonic (seven notes) / octatonic (eight notes) 27. the mode of a scale / quality & character 28. a simple, recurring melodic idea or rhythmic pattern 29. the distance between two pitches / Melodic & Harmonic 30. A to G 32. an out-of-control sound oscillation that occurs when the output of a loudspeaker enters a microphone or electric instrument pick-up and is re-amplified / this process creates a sound loop that grows with intensity until deliberately stopped 38. the speed of the basic pulse 39. two or more notes sounded simultaneously 40. Amplitude (wave size) / Frequency (wave speed) / Duration (wave length) / Overtones (wave quality) 42. a “catchy” or memorable music phrase or pattern 44. (high & low) / A = 440 cycles per second 46. a sequence of pitches of different durations in musical time 47. — the sub-sections of a song in which the text changes with each successive poetic unit / storytelling 48. Pitch level

Down 1. standard song form developed by Blues singers in 1800s 2. standard song form developed by Tin Pan Alley songwriters 3. Repetition (AAA) / Variation (A1A2A3) / Contrast (ABC) 5. a significant shift or change in a musical piece 6. a fragment of a melodic or rhythmic sequence 7. A set of pitches 8. two or more melodic lines played simultaneously 9. — a song that consists of sub-sections with both recurring lyrics (chorus / refrain) & changing poetic text (verse) 15. the scientific study of sound / a branch of Physics 20. Monophony, Polyphony, Homophony 22. Timbre(Pure & complex) 23. the channeled flow of a recurring rhythmic pattern 24. basic tonality & modality of a musical piece 25. reversal of normal pattern of weak & strong pulses 31. pure wave (tone) / chaotic wave (noise) 33. the basic underlying unit of musical time 34. melody with harmonic accompaniment 35. Duple (2) / Triple (3) / Additive (2+3) / Non-metric (pulseless) 36. Major & Minor 37. the interaction between two or more notes sounded simultaneously / Consonance (rest) / Dissonance (tension) 41. a sequence of sounds and silences in musical time 43. short for “reverberation” / the prolongation of a sound by virtue of an ambient acoustical space / this sound effect can be simulated using electronic or digital processors 45. the structure of a musical piece / blue print / road map