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Across 3. the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves 5. a weak spot in the earth's crust where magma has come to the surface 6. a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock 7. the layer of rock that formes the outer layer of rock 10. a layer of molten iron and nickle that surrounds the inner core 13. the record of earth's seismic waves produced by a seismograph 15. an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced 17. the layer of hot, solid material between the crust and the core 18. a wide, gently sloping mountain made by layers of lava 19. hardened magma in a volcano's pipe 21. the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault 23. a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust 25. the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion by convection currents in the mantle 26. a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side 30. a tall,cone shaped mountain in layers of lava and ash 31. an opening that is arround a volcanos central opening 32. a dense sphere of solid iron and nickle at the center of Earth 33. A large hole at the top of a volcano when the roof of a magma chamber collapses 36. a mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust 38. the mixture of rock forming substances, gases and water from the mantle 39. the direct transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves 40. an opening through which magma leaves a volcano 41. liquid magma that reaches the surface; the rock formed when liquid lava hardens 42. the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault 43. a type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach the surface of Earth 44. the process when ocean crust sinks into an ocean trench and goes back into the mantle 45. a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers 46. a landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and produced our continents

Down 1. an igneous rock layer formed when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface 2. the direct transfer of heat between two substances 4. a long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to the earth's surface 8. a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground 9. a volcano belt that rims the Pacific Ocean 11. a hypothisis that the continents are slowly moving across earth's surface 12. a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor 14. the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface 16. the pocket betneath a volcano where magma collects 18. a type of fault where rocks move past each other sideways with little up or down movement 20. a steep cone shaped hill made of volcanic ash,cinders, and bombs 22. the process when molten material adds new oceanic crust to the floor 24. a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves 27. the transfer of heat by the movement of fluid 28. vibrations that travel throughearth carrying energy durring an earthquake 29. a type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward 34. area covered by lava from a volcano's vent 35. an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake 37. stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions