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Across 2. classical conditioning with a reflex response or emotion via another's reaction 4. form of biofeedback using brain-scanning devices 5. any stimulus that provides the organism with a cue for making a certain response in order to obtain reinforcement 7. stimulus that has no effect on the desired response 11. naturally occurring stimulus leading to a reflex response 14. reappearance of a learned response after extinction 15. schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same 20. punishment of a response by the addition or experiencing of an unpleasant stimulus 22. functional analysis and behavior modification that uses a variety of techniques to mold a desired behavior 25. reinforcement of each and every correct response 26. referring to the observation that learning can take place without actual performance of the learned behavior 27. use of operant conditioning to bring about desired behavior changes 29. punishment of a response by the removal or a pleasurable stimulus 33. tendency to fail because of a history of past repeated failures 34. learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses 35. schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each trial or event 36. referring to the tendency of animals to learn certain associations 39. reinforcement by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus 40. disappearance of a learned response 41. behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with "tokens"

Down 1. if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated operant/any behavior that is voluntary 3. emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli 6. theory stating classical conditioning occurred because the conditioned stimulus became a substitute for the unconditioned stimulus 8. tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response 9. learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex 10. becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer such as praise or gold stars 12. /tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus 13. schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same 16. schedule of reinforcement in which the interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event 17. occurs when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus 18. reflex response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus 19. tendency for a response that is reinforced after some, but not all, correct responses to be very resistant to extinction 21. the sudden perception of relationships among various parts of a problem, "a-ha moment" 23. reinforcement by the addition of a pleasurable stimulus 24. learning new behavior by watching a model 28. learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful 29. naturally reinforcing by meeting a basic biological need 30. tendency for an animal's behavior to revert to genetically controlled patterns 31. an event or stimulus following a response increasing the chances that the response will occur again 32. using biological conditions to bring involuntary responses, such as blood pressure and relaxation 37. an involuntary response, one that is not under personal control or choice 38. reinforcement of simple steps in behavior that lead to a desired, more complex behavior successive approximations/small steps in behavior that lead to a goal behavior