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Across 1. the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate 3. a multibranched polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles 5. a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate (two words) 6. a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces urea 8. the part of the cellular respiration that does not use oxygen (two words) 9. amino-transfer reaction between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid 10. system that couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane (three words) 12. an alternative pathway for glucose oxidation that generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) (three words) 15. a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma 16. the high-energy bonds in the ATP molecules (two words) 17. a form of deamination that generates oxoacids in the liver, and which is the second step in the amino acid degradation (two words) 18. esters derived from glycerol and three fatty acids 19. cells also known as lipocytes and fat cells 21. another name for the Krebs cycle (three words) 22. a hormone, produced by the pancreas, which is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body 24. the gel-like substance of the cell where glycolysis takes place 25. the form in which carbohydrates can be assimilated into the pathways of energy metabolism 26. a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates 27. the end-product of glycolysis 28. membrane-enclosed organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, sometimes described as "cellular power plants" because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP 29. organ which secretes the proteolytic enzymes 30. an anaerobic fermentation reaction that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells, such as muscle cells (two words) 31. the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy 32. a mixture of compounds that acts to some extent as a surfactant, helping to emulsify the fats in the food (plural, two words)

Down 2. a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (two words) 4. the removal of an amine group from a molecule, the process by which amino acids are broken down if there is an excess of protein intake 7. the metabolic pathway in which lactate produced by anaerobic glycolysis in the muscles moves to the liver and is converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is converted back to lactate (two words) 11. the process by which fatty acids, in the form of acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle (two words) 13. an unstable molecule used as energy source that couples exergonic reactions of catabolism with the endergonic reactions of anabolism 14. the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream 20. lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins, which transport dietary lipids from the intestines to other locations in the body 23. the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate