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Across 3. erythrocytes and thrombocytes have no __ 10. __ nodes produce white blood cells that can produce antibodies 12. why is blood red 14. __ volume is the volume of blood ejected by a single contraction 15. the cardiac muscle contracts similar to __ muscles: the actin and myosin binding 18. functions of the blood include assisting the body in maintaining temp and pH, defense aide, distribute nutrients, and __ hormones/waste/CO2/Oxygen 19. 2/3 of thrombocytes are stored in the __ 24. this is the tricuspid valve shutting to prevent back flow from right ventricle 26. cancer of white blood cells 27. this valve is bicuspid and on the left of the heart 29. __ animals have slower metabolism and slower heart rates. 31. plasma is this color because of bilirubin 32. these white blood cells stain red, and make up less than 10% of the total WBC population (unless there is a parasitic infection). 33. the __ artery and the brachial artery are included in the brachiocephalic trunk of the thoracic aorta. 37. blind beginnings in interstitial spaces and continue to parallel veins 39. 92% water, this substance forms the "internal environment" for all cells in the body 41. the hepatic __ vein is a blood vessels that conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract (full of nutrients!) to the liver: liver gets first dibs! 43. double walled sac containing the heart and roots of great vessels. serous membrane creates a cavity for the heart 47. proportion of cells to plasma 48. (abbr) the SA node is innervated by the __ (think about which nervous system branch is responsible for slowing and speeding up the heartbeats!? fight/flight!?) 50. __ arteries (from thoracic aorta) feed the stomach, spleen, and liver. If you're a celiac like me, just think of how your stomach hurts when you eat pasta aioli! 53. vessel which has the highest pressure measured in mm Hg 54. blood comes from the body deoxygenated, via vena cavaes, into the __ __ of the heart. Then it is pumped into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. 56. the top number in blood pressure reading; measures high arterial pressure 60. __ and monocytes are a type of white blood cell called agranulocytes 61. the __ __ is the pacemaker of the heart: it's leaky Na+ channels are what permits the membrane potential to depolarize spontaneously and generate the initial action potential 63. the __ arteries are the vessels that branch off of from the aorta closest to the heart. 65. anticoagulant that works to inactivate thrombin (and interestingly, this substance has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule!) 66. name for red blood cells 68. red blood cell formation 70. white blood cells name 72. arterial baroreceptor reflexes are neural reflexes that regulate __ __ 73. vessels with the lowest pressure measured in mm Hg; this is why the muscle contraction and valves are so important: so the blood will keep flowing! 81. (on the high end) blood volume accounts for what percent of total body weight? (in humans) 82. __ __ and endothelin are paracrine agents that help regulate blood pressure 83. the remaining part of the hemoglobin after the red blood cell has been destroyed; it is responsible for the yellow color of jaundice, urine, bruises, and the brown color of feces. 84. the __ __ law of the heart states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart (the end diastolic volume). The increased volume of blood stretches the ventricular wall, causing cardiac muscle to contract more forcefully. The stroke volume may also increase as a result of greater contractility of the cardiac muscle during exercise, independent of the end-diastolic volume. 85. these 2 chambers of the heart are cranial to the other 2 chambers. the plural form of this term does NOT end in an "S"! 86. the __ __ is how much blood is ejected in each systole 87. __ circulation is from heart to body to distribute the oxygen 89. the exception to lymphocyte number being #2: these animals have lymphocytes as being the #1 most prevalent WBC in the body 90. __ agents, paracrine agents, and neural reflexes all help to regulate blood pressure 91. __ is involved in blood clotting; (Dicoumarol and warfarin) 92. the middle, and thickest layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle.

Down 1. from the cranial vena cava, the __ vein drains the head and neck. 2. this specialized lymphoid organ organ functions to filter blood (not lymph), destroy old red blood cells, store iron, and act as a reservoir of blood. 4. contraction part of cardiac cycle 5. the __ group in hemoglobin is where the iron is 6. relaxation part of cardiac cycle 7. thrombocytes are aka 8. a type of white blood cell that is in the category of white blood cells that have granules in their cytoplasm that stain blue 9. the AV valves open when the pressure in the atria is __ than the pressure in the ventricles 11. the __ valve is the valve separating the left atrium and left ventricle. 12. that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. 13. __ blood pressure is the pressure generated by the heart's contractions 16. these white blood cells are the #1 most prevelant and when they die they're the pus that forms. they are phagocytic 17. small arteries 20. (abbr.) the amount of blood in ventricles after diastole 21. vessels that return blood to the heart 22. epinephrine and norepinephrine are inotropes (agents that alter the force of muscle contraction) increase __ in the cardiac cell 23. these vessels are permeable to oxygen nutrients and wastes via osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure 25. oxygenated blood coming into the heart enters into the first chamber of the heart: the __ __. then it passes through the mitral valve into the next chamber. 28. low functional RBC and/or low Hb; reduced oxygen carrying capacity 30. after entering the left ventricle (oxygenated), blood will exit the heart through a valve into what major artery? 34. the __ artery is one of the two sets of capillary beds in the liver. a branch of the celiac artery, it feeds into the caudal vena cava 35. stoppage of bleeding 36. __ carry blood away from the heart, and branch into small capillary beds where they feed the cells 38. the _-__ is associated with atrial depolarization 40. regulates blood clotting by stimulating aggregation 42. increased number of leukocytes; occurs with bacterial infection 43. regulates blood clotting by inhibiting aggregation 44. white blood cell that contain granules in their cytoplasm that stain blue; neutrophils, eosinophils, etc. 45. the initial action potential at the sinoatrial node occurs __ 46. the lower measurement in blood pressure readings 49. the __ fibers contract the ventricles 50. __ syndrome is increased cortisol secretion and decreased eosinophils 51. the #2 most prevalent leukocyte in the body (there is an exception); there are three types: B, T, and NK 52. the caudal vena cava is a major vein formed in the abdomen from ___ veins 55. __ disks allow cell to cell propagation of action potential within the myocardium 57. in blood, the __ is the component that is neither a blood cell (red nor white), nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma with fibrinogens removed. 58. loss of blood, dehydration; decreased volume of blood decreases EDV and therefore cardiac output decreases 59. __ __ are the "heart strings" that connect the papillary muscles to the flaps (or "cusps") of the tricuspid and mitral valves in the heart. 62. __ __ = Heart Rate (bpm) x Stroke Volume (ml per beat) 64. breaking it down from the thoracic aorta, into the lumbar aorta, cranial __ arteries feed the small intestine, and caudal __ arteries feed the large intestine 67. __ circulation is from body to lungs for oxygenation 68. endothelium layer that lines the chambers of the heart and valves 69. a blood clot is just interlacing strands of __ 71. this transmits the electrical impulse from the SA node. it gives rise to the purkinje fibers which contract the ventricles. 74. adjacent to the heart; this layer of the pericardium is the inner one that actually touches the heart 75. the larger WBC that specialize in phagocytosis. When they enter tissue they become macrophages 76. small vessels that return blood, small veins 77. the portal vein connects to the splenic vein, mesenteric vein, pancreatic vein, and __ vein. the __ vein is the one that feeds the stomach! 78. blood is pumped out of the right ventricle, through the __ valve and into the __ artery where it will travel to the lungs to pick up some oxygen and bring it back to the heart via the ___ veins. 79. decreased number of leukocytes; occurs with viral infection 80. these WBCs stain blue and are involved in starting inflammation: they have receptors for IgE and increase allergic response 88. this is the semi-lunar valve shutting to prevent back flow from the aorta