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| 5. | What causes a heart sound originating from 3-4 LICS, with possible radiation down LSB or apex that decreases with squatting and increases with valsalva and standing. (2 Words) |
| 6. | What point in the cardiac cycle represents mitral/tricuspid valve closure; best heard at apex; starts systole |
| 9. | An S3 in a patient > 40 Y.O. is almost always _________ |
| 10. | mitral valve prolapse (systolic ballooning of part of the valve into the left atrium) results in what heart sound? (3 Words) |
| 11. | What is the effect on right sided murmurs during inspiration? |
| 12. | What causes a blowing heart sound heard at the LLSB with radiation to the right sternum/xiphoid that increases in intensity with inspiration. (2 Words) |
| 15. | Is S4 a ventricular or atrial sound? |
| 17. | most common kind of heart murmur that may be innocent, physiologic, or pathologic (2 Words) |
| 19. | In what normal state would we hear an S3? (2 Words) |
| 20. | What is the effect of handgrip on AS (aortic stenosis), and HCM murmurs? |
| 21. | What is one of the 2 causes of heart murmurs that occur during valsalva or standing? (2 Words) |
| 22. | what is the best places to hear an S3 in L lat decubitus? |
| 23. | low intensity heart sounds at about the 2-4th ICS between LLSB (left lower sternal border) and apex, usually decrease or disappear with sitting. Etiologies include anemia, pregnancy, fever, and hyperthyroidism (changes in body metabolism). (2 Words) |
| 24. | heart sound produced by inflammation of pericardial sac with variable timing and location, but usually heard best in the L3ICS. May increase when pt leans forward, exhales, and holds breath. Scratchy, scraping sound, heard best with DIAPHRAGM. (3 Words) |
| 25. | the cadence of S3 is known as what? (2 Words) |
| 27. | In what 3 states would we hear an S3? (3 Words) |
| 29. | what is the best places to hear an S3 if not in L lat decubitus? (4 Words) |
| 30. | low intensity heart sounds at about the 2-4th ICS between LLSB (left lower sternal border) and apex, usually decrease or disappear with sitting. Very common in children and young adults, not indicative of any underlying CV disease (2 Words) |
| 32. | What causes a harsh heart sound heard at apex, radiating to the left axilla? (3 Words) |
| 36. | What is the effect of handgrip on AS (aortic stenosis), and HCM murmurs? |
| 37. | benign sound produced by turbulence of blood in the jugular veins that is common in children. A continuous murmur without silent interval (loudest in diastole). Located above medial third clavicles, esp at night, humming quality, heard best with the BELL (2 Words) |
| 38. | What causes a continuous murmur with silent interval late in diastole; heard best in L2ICS, harsh machinery-like and usually with a thrill? (3 Words) |
| 40. | What does standing do to preload and afterload? (3 Words) |
| 41. | _______lowers intra-thoracic pressure which augments the inflow of blood into the RA and RV) |
| 43. | Where is S2 best heard? (3 Words) |
| 44. | In what good state of health would we hear an S3? (2 Words) |
| 45. | What causes a rumbling heart murmur in mid or late diastole, with a decrescendo, low-pitched sound (decrescendo diastolic murmur), opening snap often follows S2 and initiates murmur? (2 Words) |
| 47. | when is S4 heard? (2 Words) |
| 49. | squatting Increases ______ _________ to the heart and increases arterial resistance) (2 Words) |
| 50. | What is the effect of handgrip on MR, AR, MS, S3, S4, murmurs? |
| 51. | Name for the pathologic heart sounds arising from blood flow from chamber with high pressure to one of low pressure, through a valve or other structure that should be closed. Begins immediately with S1 and continues through S2. (2 Words) |
| 54. | What does valsalva do to preload and afterload? |
| 55. | What does inspiration do to preload? |
| 56. | What does squatting do to preload and afterload?preload, increases afterload (Increases venous return to the heart and increases arterial resistance) |
