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Across 2. normal rate of extinction for a clade or taxon 3. homologous genes separated by a speciation event 6. production of one kind of gamete 8. the co-option of a particular gene or network for a totally different function as a result of mutation 9. sum of direct and indirect fitness 11. genes that share common ancestry 12. proteins capable of carrying out more than one function 13. suites of coexpressed traits that together experience selection for a function 14. evolution of phenotypic characteristics that confer a fitness benefit to one sex but a fitness cost to the other 15. no more living members exist but daughter members exist 17. horizontal gene transfer that occurs when a virus packages host DNA into its capsule 19. horizontal gene transfer that occurs by direct cell to cell contact 20. sex is determined by the number of copies of each chromosome that an individual receives 25. multiple unpleasant species resemble each other reinforcing the image 26. horizontal gene transfer by direct uptake of genetic material from surroundings 27. evolutionary splitting event or branching event 28. production of two different kinds of gametes

Down 1. a gene is beneficial for one trait and detrimental to another 4. genes associated with mapping body shape during development 5. specialized genes that assist bacteria in exploiting eukaryotic hosts 7. any duplication of DNA that contains one or many genes 10. a region of DNA that enhances the transcription level of a gene 16. harmless species resemble harmful or distasteful species, deriving protection from predators in the process 18. regions that are likely the result of horizontal gene transfer 21. evolution of the species involving the entire population and not a splitting event 22. the total number of offspring that maximizes the number of surviving offspring 23. viral genomes that insert themselves into bacterial genomes and often encode for virulence factors 24. homologous genes within a genome separated by a gene duplication event