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Across 8. In an attempt to control the daimyos, the Tokugawa shoguns instituted what policy that allowed for the shoguns to keep an eye on the daimyos and direct their spending away from investing into military and castle building. (2 Words) 10. Thousands of eunuchs looked after his every whims, and he showed a wardrobe and personal effects forbidden by all others. Who is this individual that one would have to preform a kowtow in presence of him? (3 Words) 12. This examination, which came from past Chinese dynasties, was reinstated with the Ming and Qing empires, and it consisted of writing "eight-legged essays." This examination also was a pivotal institution, opening doors to honor, power, and rewards. (3 Words) 15. According to Confucian principles, the lower classes below the gentry are made up of slaves, indentured servants, entertainers, prostitutes, and other marginal groups; who are also known was what? 17. Though China experienced considerable economic and social change in early modern times, both the Ming and Qing dynasties brought about what to China? (2 Words) 21. Tokugawa Ieyasu, one of the military leaders who sought to unify Japan, established a sort of temporary government that was meant stabilize their realm and halt the return of war. This government was called what? (2 Words) 22. Though halted after Yongle's rule ended, whose exploration sought to establish a presence in the Indian Ocean Basin? (2 Words) 24. Despite the Ming and Qing dynasty's central focus on Confucian and Neo-Confucian thought, rapid urbanization led to vibrant popular culture among Chinese cities. What technological innovation from Europe aided in the expansion of this popular culture? (2 Words) 25. Although failing to spread Christianity,by opening the doors to the Chinese imperial court, the self-ringing bell system, introduced by whom, symbolized the increasing engagement of Asian and European people? (2 Words) 27. In China, after the fall of the Mongols, what empire sought to establish a tightly centralized state, using the Tang and Song dynasties as inspiration? (2 Words) 28. Unlike the Europeans, Chinese authorities did not adopt policies designed to help both the state and what class of people by authorizing the aggressive pursuel of their efforts in the larger world? 29. Mongol overlords ignored Chinese political and cultural traditions in what trauma of a dynasty? (2 Words)

Down 1. After the mid-sixteenth century the Chinese economy benefited from an influx of what, which stimulated trade and financed further commercial expansion? 2. Alongside government policy, the abundance of readily available skilled workers also discouraged what in the Ming and Qing dynasties that what was encouraged during the Tang and Song dynasties? (2 Words) 3. As the influence of whom on the Ming dynasty increased, corruption and inefficiency spread throughout the government, crippling the internal structure? 4. This ruler's reign marked the height of the Qing dynasty and also led a time where the imperial treasury burst at the seems. 5. In hopes of enhancing ones' family's social standing, this practice, which originated within the Song dynasty, highlighted China's patriarchal society. (2 Words) 6. The extended period of peace brought about by the Tokugawa rule undermined the ruling elite by attempting to eliminate the number of ruling class warriors of Daimyos and who else by having them switch to bureaucratic and scholaric interests? 7. Seeking southward expansion, this group of pastoral nomads allied with Ming forces to crush rebellions yet neglected to reinstate Ming rule, therefore ultimately displacing Ming rule. 9. Because of the corruption and disunity in the later Ming empire, what group of people worked against the Ming and eunuchs and also gave more respect to Manchu ruling elites? 11. During the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns, Neo-Confucianism had reached a height in Japan as it was accepted as an official ideology, yet it received much flack from native learners who scorned it and instead highlighted what for the importance of Japanese identity? 13. Because shoguns in Japan sought to monopolize power, there was conflict between the ambitions of themselves and retainers. Because of this, turmoil arose and left Japan in a state of civil war during the 16th century. This era is also known as the era of ________. 14. Although strict policies were placed on foreign communication between Japan and the outside world, many Japanese learned to communicate with foreigners to learn about the world beyond east Asia. These studies were called what? (2 Words) 16. Being the cornerstone of the family values, what idea established a Chinese family that was hierarchical, patriarchal, and authoritarian? (2 Words) 18. Because Confucian principles subjected women to the authority of men, young girls were often considered a financial and social liability. Because of this, what was an extremely common practice that highlighted the subordination of women at an early age? 19. Though it was adopted by several daimyo and accepted fairly well, the introduction of Christianity into the Japanese culture by whom resulted in backlash from the native Japanese government. (2 Words) 20. Though government officials in China attempted to limit activities with foreign merchants, Chinese merchants still managed to trade silk and porcelain for silver with whom, located in Batavia, in addition to the Americans in Manila? 23. The establishment of what dynasty was largely due to one nations military prowess and another's support for them? (2 Words) 25. Careful to preserve their own ethnic and cultural identity, the Manchus forbade Chinese from learning their language, traveling to Manchuria, and also outlawed what between Chinese and Manchus? 26. What Confucian scholar and enlightened ruler conquered Taiwan, sought to expand Chinese rule into Central Asia, and also sought to apply Confucian teachings to his policies?