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Across 2. One of three mRNA triplets (UAG, UGA, or UAA) that cause termination of protein synthesis. 4. The state of having an abnormal number of copies of a certain chromosome. 5. A mutation in which as segment of a chromosome breaks from the rest of the chromosome, flips, and rejoins with the opposite orientation as before. 7. The distinctive appearance of all of the chromosomes in an individual, including the number of chromosomes and their length and banding patterns. 11. The process by which proteins and peptides are synthesized from messenger RNA. 12. The process by which RNA is made from a DNA template. 13. A point mutation that causes a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. 14. A sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a certain amino acid or that initiates or terminates protein synthesis.

Down 1. A mutation that does not detectably affect the phenotype of the organism. 3. A type of mutation in which a piece of a chromosome moves to a nonhomologous chromosome. 6. An RNA molecule that carries encoded information, transcribed from DNA, that specifies the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. 8. A mutation that results in a change in a single nucleotide pair in a DNA molecule. 9. The state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes. 10. The AUG triplet in mRNA at which protein synthesis begins; codes for the amino acid methinonine.