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Across 4. conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.(9,7) 9. molten rock (5) 10. naturally occurring mixtures of minerals, mineral matter, or organic materials.(4) 11. a reservoir of magma within the earth's crust beneath a volcano(5,7) 14. Volcanoes with broad, gentle slopes (13) 16. The side slope of a valley(6,4) 17. Top bit of the volcano, a large bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on a celestial object, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite.(6)

Down 1. e.g CO2(3) 2. openings in the Earth's crust from which molten rock and volcanic gases escape (4) 3. Small sized particles ejected from explosive volcanoes(8,3) 5. a ground-hugging avalanche of hot ash, pumice, rock fragments, and volcanic gas that rushes down the side of a volcano (11,4) 6. A linear depression in the landscape that slopes down to a river or lake(6) 7. The word for magma(4) 8. vents from which volcanic gas escapes into the atmosphere(8) 12. A series of waves generated in a body of water because of a sudden disturbance.(7) 13. circular depression at the summit of a volcano formed when magma is erupted(7) 15. e.g CO2(3)