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Across 5. Athenian stonemason/philosopher, progenitor of the “Socratic Method,” was executed by the people of Athens for corrupting youth, and promoting heresy 6. Large Trading and military community on the Northern coast of Africa, was a major rival to Rome 8. Jewish carpenter and rabbi, his teachings and philosophy became the base of a new religion called Christianity 9. “the rule of the many,” government by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives 10. Regular Church members 12. in the Roman Republic, a social class made up of minor landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers 15. City-state in the center of the Italian Peninsula, at one time was the capital of the largest empire in the world. 19. a system of government in which the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings (2 Words) 20. Greek city-state, its culture and lifestyles were based on military discipline 23. greatest political leader of Athens, ruled from 461-129 B.C. 25. City on the Eastern side of the Strait of Bosporus that became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire 29. Nephew of Julius Caesar, originally named Octavian, became the first Emperor of Rome 30. church leaders 31. Macedonian King, son of Phillip, conquered all of the known world, (3 Words) 34. in early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill which was sometimes the site of temples and public buildings 35. great landowners, they formed the ruling class in Rome 36. commander in chief; the Latin origin of the word Emperor 37. Roman poet, hired by Augustus to create a epic poem about the origin of Rome; end product was the Aeneid, a story that tied Rome’s development to the fall of Troy

Down 1. Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the model of the Epic Poem 2. a form of government in which the leader is not a king, and certain citizens have the right to vote 3. Carthaginian General, waged war on Rome, used Elephants as a battle wagon. 4. Kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, home of Alexander, who conquered the known world before his 35th birthday 7. student of Plato, tutor of Alexander, at one time held to be the authority on all Natural Sciences, and Philosophy. 11. the rule of the few,” a form of government in which a small group of people exercise contro 13. Consul, General, and Dictator of Rome, assassinated in the lobby of the Senate, on 3-15-44 B.C. (2 Words) 14. Mycenae (2 Words) 16. a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, such as the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (2 Words) 17. monotheistic religion that emerged during the first century 18. City in Egypt, Funded by Alexander, at one time had the greatest library in the world 21. reformer of Athenian politics, founded the Council of 500 22. Greek city-state, one of the first governments to be based on a democratic ideal 24. Roman Emperor who converted Rome from a Pagan religious base to Christianity 26. peninsula across from Greece, also called the Anatolian Peninsula (2 Words) 27. Student of Socrates, left Athens after his execution, founded the Academy at Alexandria; author of The Republic. 28. ancient city state on the Anatolian Peninsula, also discovered by Schliemann 32. Athenian political reformer who cancelled all land debts and freed people who had fallen into slavery due to debt 33. the early Greek City-State, consisting of a city or a town and its surrounding territory