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Across 2. Also, hieroglyphical. designating or pertaining to a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians, in which many of the symbols are conventionalized, recognizable pictures of the things represented. 4. a river in SW Asia, flowing SE from SE Turkey through Iraq, joining the Euphrates to form the Shatt-al-Arab. 1150 miles (1850 km) long. 5. the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael. 7. the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the Talmud 10. a member of the Semitic peoples inhabiting ancient Palestine and claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; an Israelite. 11. (in ancient Egypt) a quadrilateral masonry mass having smooth, steeply sloping sides meeting at an apex, used as a tomb. 17. phonenicians 21. a crescent shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi arid western asia the nile valley and nile delta 22. the doctrine or belief that there is only one God. 23. the Pentateuch, being the first of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament. 24. a well preserved babylonian law code of ancient mesopotamia dating back to about 1754 BC

Down 1. (among the ancient Babylonians and Assyrians) a temple of Sumerian origin in the form of a pyramidal tower, consisting of a number of stories and having about the outside a broad ascent winding round the structure, presenting the appearance of a series of terraces. 3. a babylion legal code of the 18th century bc or earlier , institued by hammurabis and dealing with crimminal and civil matters 6. a name of God, transliterated by scholars from the Tetragrammaton and commonly rendered Jehovah. 8. the precepts spoken by God to Israel, delivered to Moses on Mount Sinai; the Decalogue. Ex. 20; 24:12,34; Deut. 5. Though the numbering of these commandments may differ in some religions, that which has been followed in this dictionary is based on the King James Version of the Bible. 9. the supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channel 11. the doctrine of or belief in more than one god or in many gods 12. an Iranian religion, founded c600 b.c. by Zoroaster, the principal beliefs of which are in the existence of a supreme deity, Ahura Mazda, and in a cosmic struggle between a spirit of good, Spenta Mainyu, and a spirit of evil, Angra Mainyu 13. an ancient region in southern Mesopotamia that contained a number of independent cities and city-states of which the first were established possibly as early as 5000 b.c.: conquered by the Elamites and, about 2000 b.c., by the Babylonians; a number of its cities, as Ur, Uruk, Kish, and Lagash, are major archaeological sites in southern Iraq. 14. a worker in a skilled trade,especially one that involves making stufff by hand 15. a city that with its surrounding teritory forms and independant state 16. the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of western asia 18. an ancient region in W Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers: now part of Iraq. 19. denoting or relating to the wedge shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of mesopotamia, persia, and ugarit surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets 20. a title of an ancient Egyptian king.