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Across 3. (245–316) Roman Emperor from 284 to 305, recognized that the empire could not be governed by one man in one place. His solution was to divide the empire into four parts, each with its own imperial ruler, but he himself remained the dominant ruler of the resulting tetrarchy (rule of four). He also initiated the Great Persecution, a time when many Christians became martyrs to their faith. 4. (c. 340–420) One of the early "fathers" of the Church, he translated the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into a popular form of Latin—hence the name by which this translation is known: the Vulgate, or "vulgar" (popular), Bible. 6. A Greek-speaking Jew and Roman citizen who underwent a miraculous conversion experience and became the most important proponent of Christianity in the 50s and 60s c.e. 7. (c. 354–397) One of the most influential theologians of all time, he described his conversion to Christianity in his autobiographical Confessions and articulated a new Christian worldview in The City of God, among other works. 8. (c. 340–397) One of the early "fathers" of the Church, he helped to define the relationship between the sacred authority of bishops and other Church leaders and the secular authority of worldly rulers. He believed that secular rulers were a part of the Church and therefore subject to it.

Down 1. (275–337) The first emperor of Rome to convert to Christianity, came to power in 312. In 324, he founded a new imperial capital on the site of a maritime settlement known as Byzantium. 2. (c. 480–c. 547) He formed the basis of western monasticism and is still observed in monasteries all over the world. 4. (c. 4 b.c.e.–c. 30 c.e.) A Jewish preacher and teacher in the rural areas of Galilee and Judea who was arrested for seditious political activity, tried, and crucified by the Romans. After his execution, his followers claimed that he had been resurrected from the dead and taken up into heaven. Paul: 5. (c. 480–524) Member of a prominent Roman family, he sought to preserve aspects of ancient learning by compiling a series of handbooks and anthologies appropriate for Christian readers. His translations of Greek philosophy provided a crucial link between classical Greek thought and the early intellectual culture of Christianity.