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Across 6. Model proposed by Charles Darwin to explain the development of new species through genetic mutation and natural selection 8. Belief system that holds that divine powers control the environment and people’s futures 9. Biological term for modern human belonging to the genus Homo, species sapiens, and subspecies sapiens (3 Words) 10. lower layers Archaeological principle that at an undisturbed site, material from upper layers must be more recent than from lower layers 12. Terms referring to all humans and their ancestors but not chimpanzees, gorillas, or orangutans 13. the world’s largest early settlement, with a population of 5,000 in 6000 B.C.E, located in modern day Turkey 15. The planting of seeds and harvesting of crops using domesticated animals 16. the first female ancestor shared vu all living humans, who was identified by analysis of mitochondrial DNA (2 Words) 17. The first walled settlement, built between 8300 and 7500 B.C.E, with a population of around one hundred thousand people 18. Group of premodern humans who lived between 100,000 and 25,000 B.C.E. in western Asia and Europe, eventually replaced by Home sapiens sapiens

Down 1. The characteristic stone and spear points that were in use around 11,000 B.C.E. across much of modern day America (3 Words) 2. Isotope of carbon whose presence in organic material can be used to determine the approximate age of archeological samples 3. Earliest site in the Americas, where evidence of human occupation has been found dating to 12,000 B.C.E. (3 Words) 4. a reddish-brown based pigment that ancient peoples used to color the soil and to decorate cave walls 5. landmass now submerged below the water the connected the tip of Siberia with the northeastern corner of Alaska 7. “New Stone Age,” the archaeological term for societies that used stone tools and practiced agriculture 11. remains of a male found near Lake Mungo in the Southeastern Australian state of New South Wales; dated to about 40,000 B.C.E. (2 Words) 14. the first people to cultivate crops and domesticate animals, ca. 9400 B.C.E., who lived in Palestine and southern Syria