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Across 3. A center of Christianity in Ethiopia, one of the first places in the world outside the Roman Empire to convert to Christianity in the early 300’s 4. The name meaning “revered,” that Octavian received from the senate when he became Princeps, or first citizen of Rome in 27 BCE . 5. The mother of the Gracchus brothers, two reformers who sought to help Rome’s poor. Cornelia exercised considerable political influence even though she, like all Roman women, did not hold public office. 7. Jewish preacher believed by Christians to be the Messiah, the figure who would bring salvation and, through atonement, eternal life to those who believed in him. 10. Roman Emperor who issued the Edict of Milan, the first imperial ruling to allow the practice f Christianity, and who shifted the capital from Rome to the new City of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey) 11. Roman governing body during the Roman Republic, composed of some three hundred patricians. Later became an advisory body. (2 Words) 13. Roman lawyer and official famous for his letters describing life during the principate, especially the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. (3 Words) 14. Rome’s most successful military commander in the first century BCE, who was named dictator by the Senate in 49 BCE. (2 Words) 16. Writing material made by stretching, scraping, and cleaning animal skin 17. A position given by the Roman Senate before the first century BCE to a temporary commander that granted him full authority for a limited time, usually six months. 18. Christian pilgrim from Spain who visited Jerusalem, Egypt, and parts of Modern Turkey between 381 and 384. The dates of her birth and death are unknown 19. A city in modern-day Tunisia originally founded by the Phoenicians. Rome’s main rival for control of the Mediterranean 20. Leaders of a Germanic speaking force that attacked North Africa in 430 and sacked Rome for two weeks in 465 21. The legal head of the extended family in Rome who made all decisions and was the only person who could own property.

Down 1. Three wars that Rome and Carthage fought between 264 and 146 BCE, all won by Rome. (2 Words) 2. Author of the Confessions and a prominent early Christian thinker who encouraged Christians to confess their sins. 6. Roman Government between 509 BCE And 27 BCE. Ruled by two elected executives who consulted regularly with the Senate (2 Words) 8. the system of government in Rome from 27 BCE to 284 CE, in which the “Princeps,” a term meaning first citizen, ruled the empire as a monarch in all but name. (2 Words) 9. Greek Historian who was deported to Rome, where he wrote The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire. Believed the task of historians was to distinguish underlying causes of events. 12. An influential early Christian leader who traveled widely in modern-day Turkey, Cyprus, and Greece to teach about early Christianity 15. Brilliant military strategist who led Carthage’s Armies over the Alps into Italy during the Second Punic War, but lost the war to Rome in 202 BCE.