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Across 1. Astronomer who formulated calendar reform in Athens consisting of a 19 year cycle of 235 months 2. Greco-Roman mathematician and astronomer; author of Mathematical Comilation (Almagest) which shaped the development of astronomy for 1500 years 4. Philosophical system founded by Zeno that maintained happiness came through living in harmony with nature and natural law; this harmony required knowledge of natural world 7. Encyclopedic author whose Natural History provided a useful register of what an educated Roman should know; Collected 20,000 facts from hundreds of different sources; died in Vesuvius' eruption 8. Developed two-sphere model; student of Plato 10. works that seek to explain the 6 days of the creation as described in the Book of Genesis 11. Author of the first textbook; presented axiomatic, deductive model of proof 12. Study of the end of things 13. Largest collection of books in ancient world; located in Alexandria patronized by Ptolemy kings 14. Astronomer and mathematician; invented trigonmetry and developed accurate star maps 16. Medical sect that believed diseases were caused by tenseness and laxness of body 17. Apparent backward motion of planets 20. Home of Pre-Socratic philosphers in Ionia 21. Used to determine the direction of the Holy City of Mecca 22. Circle on deferent; employed by Ptolemy to explain retrograde motion 23. Propagated atomic theory (atoms and void) as part of philosophical system aimed eliminating fear of the unknown 27. This technological innovation significantly increased the production of books in the Abbasid Caliphdom; the technology for the production of __________ was learned from Chinese prisoners. 29. Medical Sect that scorned theoretical knowledge 32. came up with criteria to examine Book of Genesis which differentiated between literal and allegorical meaning 33. Means "Greek like" 34. __________ Arts; seven fields of study or disciplines 35. Medical sect that searched for "hidden causes of diseases"; also known as Rationalists 37. Greatest Greco-Roman physician; central to his aim was need to classify diseases and to discover the universals that lay behind the particulars and to searched for hidden causes; began career treating gladiators and ended it treating emperors; 38. Greek word for "to learn" Lloyd GSA 33 39. Physiologist who believed that all tissue in the body contains veins, arteries, and nerves; conducted dissections after Herophilus 40. Means successor or deputy of The Prophet

Down 1. A temple to the Muses and a shrine to learning established in Alexandria 2. That part of Greek natural philosophy addressing questions of substance and elements. 3. School launched by Aristotle 5. Apparent backward motion of planets 6. Author of Latin poem, On the Nature of Things; presented atomic theory 7. Roman encyclopedic author; died in eruption of Mt. Vesuvius 9. Grammar, Rhetoric, and Logic 14. Alexandrian anatomist who distinguished between sensory and motor nerves; performed dissections 15. Astronomer who believed earth rotated on its axis 18. _________ of Alexandria; argued that the Jews had Moses and the Greeks had Plato; contended that "reason" was given to humans by God to explore natural world 19. Christian who argued Greek learning and Christianity were not in opposition 21. Arthemetic, Geometry, Astronomy, and Music 24. Founder of tradition of learned medicine; wrote work on The Sacred Disease, 25. Mathematician, died in siege of Syracuse; declared "Eureka" 26. Convert who asked "What does Jerusalem have to do with Athens?" 28. Imaginary central point of orbit; employed by Ptolemy to explain motion of celestial bodies 29. Measured the circumference of the earth while head of the Museum in Alexandria 30. Nestorian Christian; translated numerous works (at least 100)into Arabic 31. ______________ of Geometry; author Euclid 32. Proposed heliocentric system; 36. capital of the Abbasid caliphdom; this city was founded in 762; became center of natural philosophy