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Across 3. A collection of 1028 Sanskrit hymns, composed around 1500-1000 B.C.E. but written down around 1000 C.E. One of the most revealing sources about Indo-Europeans who settled in north India. (2 Words) 5. Site of the earliest complex society on the Indian subcontinent (2600-1700 B.C.E.), characterized by brick cities, drainage systems, open plazas, and broad avenues (3 Words) 7. Literally “turner of the wheel,” a Buddhist term for the ideal ruler who patronized Buddhism but never became a monk. 9. (ca. 320-185 B.C.E.) A dynasty that unified much of the Indian subcontinent. Relying on trunk roads, it exercised more control in the cities than in the countryside (2 Words) 13. A Buddhist devotee who observes the five precepts not to kill, steal, commit adultery, lie, or drink alcohol, but continues to live at home and does not join the Buddhist Order (2 Words) 15. A term referring to both seasonal winds in South Asia blowing northeast in Spring and early Summer and southwest in winter, and to the heavy seasonal rains they bring 18. Sanskrit word meaning correct conduct according to law or custom. Buddhists, including Ashoka, used this concept to refer to the teachings of the Buddha. 19. A term for people who migrate seasonally from place to place to find grass for their animals. They usually do not farm, but tend their herds full time

Down 1. State whose ruler sponsored religious observances and construction of religious edifices in the hope that his subjects would willingly acknowledge him as ruler. Usually contrasted with rulers who depended on sheer force to govern. (2 Words) 2. the founder of Buddhist religion, Siddhartha Gautama (ca. 630-550 B.C.E.); also called the Buddha, or the enlightened one. 4. Religious belief system of Indo-European migrants to north India; involved animal sacrifice and elaborate ceremonies to ensure that all transitions in the natural world---day to night, or one season to another proceeded smoothly. (2 Words) 6. From the Sanskrit word for “color”; the four major social groups if ancient Indian society, ranked in order of purity ( not wealth or power): Brahmin Priests a the top, then warriors, The farmers and merchants, and finally dependent laborers 8. A term sometimes translated as “subcaste” for groups of five thousand to fifteen thousand people in modern India. Many, but not all, Indians marry someone from the same Jati and share meals on equal footing only with the people of the same Jati. 10. A language such as Latin, Greek and English, belonging to eh Indo-European Language Family and spoken by Indo Aryan migrants to north India around 1500-1000 B.C.E. 11. A Sanskrit word that literally means “extinction,” as when the flame on a candle goes out. In Buddhism the term took on broader meaning; those who followed the Eightfold Path and understood the Four Noble Truths would gain true understanding. 12. (r.268-232BCE) The Third king of the Mauryan Dynasty, the first Indian Ruler to support Buddhism 14. An Indian religion founded around the same time as Buddhism that emphasizes right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct; a key tenet is not to harm any living beings. 16. The summon one’s deeds in this and all earlier existences that determines one’s rebirth in the next life. 17. Small boats used in the Indian Ocean made from teak planks laid edge to edge, fastened together with coconut fiber twine, and caulked to prevent leaking.