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Across 6. a painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance (2 Words) 8. an English poet, playwright and actor widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. (2 Words) 9. city of the Czech Republic, is bisected by the Vltava River. 11. a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. (3 Words) 12. Russian Noble 13. a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, music, painting, sculpture and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the mid-18th century 15. “The Most Catholic King of Spain,” during his reign, he lost control of the Netherlands, lost the Armada to England, spent lavishly at court and bankrupted his country.t (3 Words) 17. an English philosopher and physician widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". (2 Words) 19. also known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy 20. Leader of the House of Orange, and the leader against the Spanish Rule in the Netherlands, led the country to independence in 1609. (3 Words) 23. a city of elegant boulevards and expansive, manicured parks such as the Buen Retiro. 24. the belief that monarchs receive their power and authority from God and are only accountable to God. (4 Words) 25. first of the Bourbon kings of France, significant in that he attempted to make the country friendlier toward the Huguenots. (3 Words) 27. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne “where’s my head” Boleyn. One of England’s greatest monarchs; known as the “Virgin Queen” as she never married. (2 Words) 30. commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu, was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman. (2 Words) 31. (aka Holland, home of the Dutch) country in northwestern Europe, is known for a flat landscape of canals, tulip fields, windmills and cycling routes 32. Russian for “Caesar” the title used by the Russian emperors up to 1917. 35. Russia's second-largest city after Moscow (2 Words) 38. an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel 39. Fundamental human rights based on universal natural law, as opposed to those based on man-made positive law (2 Words) 40. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May [O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. (3 Words) 41. The practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the Devil. 42. commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome, was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then Tsar of All Rus' until his death in 1584 (2 Words) 44. French Protestants 45. an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was, also and even more prominently, the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture (2 Words) 46. People who felt the Church of England needed to be cleared of its Catholic influences, eventually went to war with the king, removed and executed him. 47. Members of the Puritan group, made up an army under Oliver Cromwell. 48. the U.K.’s northernmost country

Down 1. a fleet of warships 2. the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic 3. Son of James I, Catholic King of England who resisted Parliament’s desire to curtail his power. Ended up losing a Civil War with the Puritans (2 Words) 4. Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688 (5 Words) 5. brother of James II, who was king from 1660-1685, was an open Catholic, who appointed Catholics to positions in government. (2 Words) 7. a German-speaking country in Central Europe, characterized by mountain villages, baroque architecture, Imperial history and rugged Alpine terrain 10. a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the capital of Belgium. 14. a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists (3 Words) 16. Supporters of the King during the English Civil War. 18. an English philosopher considered to be one of the founders of modern political philosophy. (2 Words) 21. a Spanish playwright, poet, novelist and marine (3 Words) 22. a republic 26. Nephew of Elizabeth I, Successor to Elizabeth, first of the Stuart line of Monarchs (2 Words) 28. Combative 29. became the first Russian Tsar of the House of Romanov after the zemskiy sobor of 1613 elected him to rule the Tsardom of Russia. (2 Words) 33. Costs rising without a matching raise in purchasing power 34. a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centered on the region of Prussia on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. 36. Leader of the Puritan Roundheads, after the death of Charles I, became Lord Protector of the English Commonwealth (2 Words) 37. political system where the ruler holds absolute power 43. known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715 (2 Words)