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Across 2. The extent to which findings from a research study can be generalised to other settings and situations. A form of external validity. 5. When considering human behaviour, bias is a tendency to treat one individual or group in a different way to others. In the context of gender bias psychological research or theory may offer a view that does not justifiably represent the experience and behaviour of men or women (usually women). 6. Refers to how consistent findings from an investigation or measuring device are. A measuring device is said to be reliable if it produces consistent results every time it is used. 7. Comparing the results of two or more studies of the same thing to see if they are in agreement. This demonstrates validity of the individual results. 8. A form of determinism where behaviour is assumed to be solely caused by genes.

Down 1. Correlating the judgments of two or more ratings of behaviour, as when using a rating scale. Can happen in a questionnaire or interview when behaviour has been rated or in an observation when behaviour has been rated. 3. Confidentiality An ethical issue concerned with a participant's right to have personal information protected. 4. The extent to which research findings and conclusions can be broadly applied to the population. This is made possible if the sample of participants is representative of the population. It also depends on good internal and external validity.