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Across 2. ________ratio; the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring. 5. female reproductive parts of a flower. 6. _______ square; used in predicting the probability that certain traits will be inherited by offspring. 10. __________ factor; factor for a specific charactistic. 13. the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring. 14. when the two alleles in the pair are different. 17. occurs when both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring. 18. __________ factor; factor that has no observable effect on an organism's appearance. 19. offspring of the parental generation. 20. when both alleles of a pair are alike. 22. parental generation. 24. occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either the same flower or a flower on the same plant. 27. DNA and proteins in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs durring cell division. 32. "jumping genes" alter this in corn. 33. __________ mcclintock; a graduated student of cornell university 34. occurs when pollen grains produced in the anthers are transferred to the stigma. 36. the latin term for heredity meaning heirship. 37. means plants that are pure for a specific trait. 38. mendels factors are now called this. 40. law of ___________; states that a pair of factors is separated during the formation of gametes. 41. __________ cross; a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits. 42. __________ dominance;occurs when two or more alleles influence the phenotype, resulting in a phenotype intermediate between the dominant trait and the recessive trait.

Down 1. a category within which alternate characteristics can be observed. 3. reproduction that involves flowers of two separate plants. 4. __________ genes; mcclintock believe cause differences to appear in a plant's offspring. 5. cold __________ harbor; where mcclintock presented her discovery at a meeting of scientists from around the world. 7. what mcclintock was trying to lable the 10 chromosomes of. 8. _________ dominance; one allele was completely dominant over another. 9. self pollinated plants from the offspring of the parental generation. 11. test in which an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. 12. plants that are _______ for a trait always produce offspring with that trait. 15. the appearance of an organism as a result of its genotype. 16. the actual name mcclintock gave to the "jumping genes". 21. the genetic makeup of an organism. 23. ________ cross; a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits. 25. law of ___________ assortment; states that factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently. 26. mcclintock won the nobel prize for this in 1983. 28. __________ ratio; the ratio of the offsprings' phenotypes. 29. ___________ genetics; the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes. 30. the likelihood that a specific event will occur. 31. male reproductive parts of a flower. 35. the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. 39. ___________mendel; entered a monastery in brunn, austria at the age of twenty one.