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Across 1. One or more pieces of optical glass or similar material designed to collect and focus rays of light to form a sharp image on the film, paper, or projection screen. 7. With a lens-shutter camera, parallax is the difference between what the viewfinder sees and what the camera records, especially at close distances. This is caused by the separation between the viewfinder and the picture-taking lens. There is no parallax with single-lens-reflex cameras because when you look through the viewfinder, you are viewing the subject through the picture-taking lens. 8. A colored piece of glass or other transparent material used over the lens to emphasize, eliminate, or change the color or density of the entire scene or certain areas within a scene. 11. Most films are designed to be exposed within a certain range of exposure times-usually between 1/15 second to 1/1000 second. When exposure times fall outside of this range-becoming either significantly longer or shorter-a film's characteristics may change. Loss of effective film speed, contrast changes, and (with color films) color shifts are the three common results. These changes are called reciprocity effect. 17. Shades of white in a finished print, controlled by the color of the paper, varying from white to buff. 20. The sand-like or granular appearance of a negative, print, or slide. Graininess becomes more pronounced with faster film and the degree of enlargement. 21. A lens that has a shorter focal length and a wider field of view (includes more subject area) than a normal lens. 22. Micro-thin layers of gelatin on film in which light-sensitive ingredients are suspended; triggered by light to create a chemical reaction resulting in a photographic image.

Down 2. An attribute of perceived color, or the percentage of hue in a color. Saturated colors are called vivid, strong, or deep. Desaturated colors are called dull, weak, or washed out. 3. A one-legged support used to hold the camera steady. 4. A vehicle developed by the Koenigsegg Company and can reach up to 250MPH. 5. Negative Returned In Cassette - required Advanced Photo System feature that returns processed film in its original, closed cassette; liberates consumers from the hassle of storing and handling film negatives. 6. A lighttight metal container (cartridge) that holds 135 film (cylindrical magazine). 9. The clarity of detail in a photograph. 10. The name for a fixing bath made from sodium thiosulfate, other chemicals, and water; often used as a synonym for fixing bath. 12. A condition in which too much light reaches the film, producing a dense negative or a very light print or slide. 13. A lighttight, factory-loaded film container that can be placed in and removed from the camera in daylight. 14. The part of the scene the appears behind the principal subject of the picture. 15. Keeping the developer, stop bath, or fixer in a gentle, uniform motion while processing film or paper. Agitation helps to speed and achieve even development and prevent spotting or staining. 16. A fall-off in brightness at the edges of an image, slide, or print. Can be caused by poor lens design, using a lens hood not matched to the lens, or attaching too many filters to the front of the lens. 18. The emulsion speed (sensitivity) of the film as determined by the standards of the International Standards Organization. In these standards, both arithmetic (ASA) and logarithmic (DIN) speed values are expressed in a single ISO term. For example, a film with a speed of ISO 100/21° would have a speed of ASA 100 or 21 DIN. 19. A lens in which you adjust the focal length over a wide range. In effect, this gives you lenses of many focal lengths.