groEl		enzymes that cut phosphoglycerides
Hsp's		contains RNA and protein, part of spliceosome
Ubiquitin		removes 1 fatty acid = PA-> LPA + FA
Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1)		Chaperonin (uses energy to jostle protein to help it fold)
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)		Removes phosphates from ends of DNA strands
Ubiquitin ligase (E3)		binds and protects single–stranded DNA
Proteasome		proteins that help/hinder RNA polymerase binding promoter
Phospholipases		Proteins that “flip” lipid from 1 membrane leaflet to another
A1/A2		A reverse transcriptase that maintains/replicates telomeres
C		start each Okazaki fragment with RNA/ DNA primer
D		seals “nicks” to put Okazaki fragments together
Flippases		Seals nicks (when one strand of double stranded DNA is broken)
Porin		Chaperones cover hydrophobic protein parts while folding
Na+/K+ pump		removes head group (including PO4-) – (PE DAG + PO4- ethanol amine)
Ca2+ pumps		Degrades ampicillin (allowing bacteria to survive)
Calmodulin		Proteins that bind ARS (Autonomous Replicating Sequence)
Resting K+ channels		short poly peptide- Found in cytosol; used to modify old proteins
GLUT		finishes Okazaki fragments, including replacing RNA on previous fragment with DNA
GLUT1		DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus, withstands high temperatures of PCR
GLUT2		bind stop codon causing protein release and ribosome disassembly
GLUT4		transfers ubiquitin from E2 to the protein to be degraded
MDR protein		Allows K+ to flow out (with its concentration gradient) until a positive charge builds up outside the cell – known as the resting potential.
Aquaporin		makes a donut around DNA to keep DNA polymerase from falling off
DNA ligase		(found in most cells) allows glucose in from blood for food
Taq polymerase		entire complex when many ribosomes are on one mRNA at the same time
Alkaline Phosphatase (CIAP)		Pulls DNA strands apart
AmpR protein (aka beta-lactamase)		water channel; found in eukaryotic cells but not frog oocytes
Restriction enzymes		Located in plasma membrane – 2 K+ in for every 3 Na+ out Uses 1 ATP by being phosphorylated/dephosphorylated during each cycle of pumping
Telomerase		binds TATA box and recruits TAF’s
Histones		used to package DNA
SWI/SNF complex		Eukaryotic transcription factors that bind various DNA sequences called response elements
ORC		Cut double stranded DNA; each enzyme comes from a different organism and cuts a different DNA sequence
Topoisomerase		bind TBP and recruits RNA polymerase
Helicase		used to transfer ubiquitin to E2
RPAs		located in plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic recticulum- pumps Ca2+ out of cytosol
DNA polymerase delta		remodels chromatin
Primase/DNA polymerase alpha		glucose uniporters
Ligase		removes head group ( excluding PO4-) ( PE  PA + ethanolamine)
DNA polymerase gamma		Removes supercoils/twisting ahead of replication fork
PCNA		only transports glucose when concentration gradient is high (found in intestinal epithelia to allow glucose to enter blood, and in the liver/pancreas so glucose only enters them when blood sugar is high)
RFC		binds ubiquitin molecule
Reverse transcriptase		recognizes and degrades polyubiquinated proteins
TBP		activated by Ca2+-- when activated it turns on Ca2+ pumps (this protein will have more functions later)
TAF		helps with getting PCNA around DNA
Transcription factors		(found in fat and muscle cells) transported to the surface of cells in response to insulin
Nuclear receptors		help assemble ribosomes and initiator tRNA onto mRNA
snRPs		Beta–barrel protein makes pores in outer bacterial membrane
IF’s		pumps most small molecules (drugs) out of cell
EF’s		Uses an RNA template to make DNA
RF’s		replicates mitochondrial DNA
Polysomes		help the correct tRNA bind the A site on ribosome