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Geology Study Guide #1 Puzzle 2

Stephanie Carpenter

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Ionic Bonding Relative resistance of a mineral to scratching. (Hardness)
Hydrothermal Mineral Deposit An ion with a negative electrical charge. (Anion)
Polymorphs A mineral that contains the silicate anion. (Silicate)
Anion An atom that has excess positive or negative charges caused by electron transfer. (Ion)
Crystal Form The smallest unit that retains the distinctive properties of a compound. (Molecule)
Isotope A compound that occurs in more than one crystal structure. (Polymorphs)
Atom The nember of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (Atomic Number)
Ore The smallest individual particle that retains the distinctive properties of a given chemical element. (Atom)
Energy-Level Shells A positive ion. (Cation)
Molecule A form of covalent bonding between atoms in which electron sharing occurs with inner energy-level shells rather than the outermost shells. (Metallic Bonding)
Cation The force between two atoms that have filled their energy-level shells by sharing one or more electrons. (Covalent Bonding)
Sedimentary Mineral Deposit The proportions of the various chemical elements in a mineral. (Composition)
Crystalline Any local concentration of minerals formed through processes of sedimentation. (Sedimentary Mineral Deposit)
Cleavage Any naturally formed, crystalline solid with a definite chemical compostition and a characteristic crystal structure. (Mineral)
Ion A number stating the ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of pure water. A dimensionless number numerically equal to the density. (Specific Gravity)
Hardness Any local concentration of minerals formed by magmatic processes in an igneous rock. (Magmatic Mineral Deposits)
Luster Any local concentration of mineral deposits formed by deposition from a hydrothermal solution. (Hydrothermal Mineral Deposit)
Crystal Structure A deposit of heavy minerals concentrated mechanically. (Placer)
Mass Number The tendency of a mineral to break in preferred directions along bright, reflective plane surfaces. (Cleavage)
Mineraloid Atoms of an element having the same atomic number but differing mass numbers. (Isotope)
van der Waals Bonding A weak electrostatic attraction that arises because certain ions and atoms are distorted from a shperical shape. (van der Waals Bonding)
Magmatic Mineral Deposits An aggregate of minerals from which one or more minerals can be extracted profitably. (Ore)
Compostion Any local concentration of minerals formed as a result of weathering. (Residual Mineral Deposit)
Mineral Any solid that has a crystal structure. (Crystalline)
Specific Gravity The specific energy level of electrons as they orbit the nucleus of an atom. (Energy-Level Shells)
Covalent Bonding The electrostatic forces that hold atoms together to form compounds by sharing and transfer of electrons. (Bonding)
Placer The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (Mass Number)
Bonding A naturally occurring mineral-like solid that lacks either a crystal structure or a definite composition, or both. (Mineraloid)
Silicate The quality and intensity of light reflected from a mineral. (Luster)
Metallic Bonding The geometric pattern that atoms assume in a solid. (Crystal Structure)
Atomic Number The geometric arrangement of crystal faces. (Crystal Form)
Residual Mineral Deposit The electrostatic attraction between nagtively and positively charged ions. (Ionic Bonding)

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