| seed plants | | plants coil around what they touch |
| pollen | | to reproduce |
| seed | | pollen falls onto the stigma, egg and sperm join in the ovule, ovule becomes the seed, ovary develops into a fruit that encloses the seed, see grows into a new plant |
| Parts of a seed | | growth response toward or away from a stimulus |
| germination | | embryo, stored food, cotyledons, seed coat |
| roots | | a hormone produced by poants that speeds up plant cell growth. Wehn light shines on one side of a plant, auxin builds up on the shaded side causing faster growth and the plant leans toward the sun |
| fibrous roots | | water loss from leaves. Plants can close the stomata to reduce water loss on a hot day |
| tap root | | carry substances between the roots and leaves and provide support |
| how can seeds be dispersed | | a period when a organisms growth or activity stops |
| stems | | connects the stigma to the ovary |
| annual rings | | the process of seeds using stored food and beginning to grow |
| leaves | | capture sunlight to make food for the plant. They contain xylem and phloem. |
| stomata | | many similar sized roots in a tangled mass like grass or onions |
| transpiration | | have vascular tissue, use pollen and seeds to reproduce, have leaves, stems and roots |
| gymnosperms | | complete life cycle in 2 years. They grow leaves and stems one year and flower the next, foxglove and hollyhocks |
| the four groups of gymnosperms | | roots grow down in response to gravitiy |
| angiosperms | | plants that live more than 2 years trees, peonies |
| the function of flowers | | attach to fur or clothing, eaten by birds or bears and deposited in new areas, float on water, carried by wind, shot out of pods |
| petals | | "naked seed" seeds are not enclosed in a protective fruit. They are oldes type of seed plant, confiers are the most common, mamy have needle-like or scale like leaves and deep growing roots |
| sepals | | plants growing towards light |
| stamen | | cycads, conifers, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes |
| filament | | contains the eggs |
| another | | plants that complete their growing cycle in one year, marigold, peturnias |
| pistil | | thin stalk with the pollen top |
| stigma | | one grou of angiosperms that have 1 seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, scattered vascular tissue, flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3 |
| style | | male reporductive part of the clower. It consists of filament and anther |
| ovary | | knob at the top of the stalk that makes pollen |
| pollination and fertilization | | attract insects to pollinate |
| monocotyledons | | plants that produce lowers, and produce seeds that are enclosed in a fruit , nearly all plants are angiosperms |
| dicotyledons | | contains tiny structures that will later become sperm cells. After the sperm cells fertilize the egg, a seed develops |
| tropisms | | leaf-like structures that protect the flower bed |
| phototropism | | female reproductive part of the flower that consists of stigma, style and ovary |
| thigmotropism | | anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals. They sometimes store food |
| gravitropism | | mouths on the underside of leaves |
| auxin | | a partially develped plant. It contains a young plant inside a protective covering that will begin to grow when conditions are right |
| dormancy | | sticky cap on the top of the style that pollen lands on |
| annuals | | are made of xylem. In the spring the growth is rapid, the ring is light colored and wide. The summer produces the dark color of the ring. 1 light +1 dark =1 year |
| perennials | | one long, thick main root like a dandelion or a carrot |
| biennials | | a group of angiosperms that have 2 see leaves, branching leaf veins, circle of vascular tissue, flower parts in 4's or 5's or multiples of 4 or 5 |
