Sympatric speciation		without physical isolation
Autopolyploidy		Divergence of biological lineages
Allopolyploidy		Tracing back divergence of macromolecules over evolutionary time
Divergent species		Individuals from different but closely related species interbreed.
Pre-zygotic isolating mechanism		feature shared by two or more species from a common ancestor
Post-zygotic isolating machanism		Does not include common ancestor
Hybrid zone		may come back to contact after seperation.
Binomal Nomenclature		closely related but outside the group of interest
Taxonomic Tree		where 2 species may hybridize
Monophyletic		derived traits reverts back to ancestral state
Polyphyletic		species becomes a tetraploid; can't reproduce w/ diploid
Paraphyletic		Does not include all of the descendants of a common ancestor
Speciation		evolutionary history of relationships
R.I		reduces fitness of hybrid offspring
Molecular Clock		originally presented in the ancestor
Synapomorphies		Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Specific Epitath
Convergent evolution		explaination with less assumption
Evolutionary reversal		anything that prevents hybridation
Homoplasties		similar traits from different lineages
Outgroup		One common ancestor and all of its descendants
Ingroup		simplest explaination
Parimony Principle		a derived trait shared by taxa due to a common ancestor
Occam's Razor		differs from ancestral trait
Phylogeny		2 groups of organisms can no longer reproduce
Ancestral trait		traits generated by convergent evolution or evolutionary evolution
Derived trait		Two word naming sytem
Homologous		group of primary interest