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Across 1. aka Fraunhofer zone, from focus forward 8. An artifact created when sound pulses glances off a second structure on the way to and from the primary reflector 10. material one-quarter wavelength thick, positioned in front of the PZT at the face of the transducer 11. area of narrowest beam diameter, 1/2 width of beam leaving transducer 13. When the incident sound beam strikes the boundary at any angle other than 90 degrees 15. backing material in the transducer that dampens vibrations and controls the length of the pulse 17. region around focus where beam is relatively narrow, most accurate images 19. Concentration of mass in volume 21. Materials which convert sound into electricity 22. The time it takes a wave to vibrate a single cycle, or the time from start of a cycle to the start of the next cycle 23. aka B-mode, brightness 24. mechanical, fan/sector shaped 27. creation of gas bubbles in the tissues as a result of varying pressures in the sound beam 28. changes electrical signals to a form that is suitable for CRT 32. multiple active elements 33. % of time the system transmits a pulse 34. image that is uniform 35. Occurs when the source is at either oblique or acute to the boundary 37. continuous wave using two crystals, one transmits the other receives 42. used between two mediums in order to decrease difference between two large vastly different impedances 44. blood flow velocities 46. combination of one odd field and one even field, takes 1/30 second 47. difference between highest and lowest freq. 48. In pulsed mode short sound pulses are produced 49. Artifact on display as multiple, equally spaced echoes bouncing of sound waves between two strong reflectors parallel to the ultrasound beam 51. Medical equipment using mechanical, longitudinal sound waves to create images 54. control that adjusts gain at different depths 55. Waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel 58. An artifact created when sound reflects off of a strong reflector (mirror), and is redirected toward a second structure 59. states that a large active element is composed of millions of tiny wavelets 60. measurement at the location where intensity is maximum and averaged over all time, both the transmit and receive times 61. created and displayed very quickly, providing the impression of constant motion 62. A collection of individual cycles that propagates as a single unit, with a beginning and an end, which is used to create every picture of anatomy 63. An equation which is used to calculate the distance an object is from an ultrasound source 65. The smallest building block of a digital picture 67. unit for acoustic impedance representing kg/m^2/s 68. occurs when a light wave strikes a mirror 69. number of frames per second 71. property of attenuation where sound beam is converted into heat in the medium, directly related to freq 72. The incident sound beam strikes the boundary at exactly 90 degrees 77. % of sound reflected back when sound passes from one tissue to another 79. concentration of energy in a sound beam, "bigness" of wave, w/cm^2 80. The transmission (spreading) of signals from one place to another 83. side to side region that appears brighter than tissues at other depths 84. power(watts)/beam area(cm^2) 86. The ability to distinctly identify two structures that are very close together when the structures are side by side 87. Rectangular shaped beam electronic steering and electronic focusing 90. : angle between incident sound beam and reflector's boundary 92. HVL, distance sound travels in tissue reducing intensity to 1/2 original 94. A quality control assessment, which is the most accurate method to check ultrasound equipment to make sure it is in operating order 96. one oscillation of a sound wave 98. phased array system uses electronic scanning along the length of a linear array probe to create a cross-sectional profile without moving the transducer 99. Those element that make up sound waves 100. The distance or length of one complete cycle 101. A special form of shadowing that appears as a hyperechoic region extending along the edge of a curved reflector 102. sound beam directed in many directions as a resulted of reflector being smaller than the pulse 103. The tissue/material through which sound is traveling 104. Created when a sound wave propagates through a medium at a speed other than that of soft tissue appears as a step-off

Down 1. number of cycles per second, inversely related to period and wavelength 2. Single focal point that is adjustable 3. Describes either the amplitude or the intensity of a transmitted wave relative to an incident wave 4. off axis beams created by array transducers 5. Hypoechoic or anechoic region extending downward from a very strong attenuating medium 6. Medical equipment using mechanical, longitudinal sound waves to create images 7. The region from the transducer to the focus 9. The time from the start of a pulse to the end of that pulse 12. aka ring down artifact 14. region around focus where beam is relatively narrow, most accurate images 16. decrease in intensity, power and amplitude 18. distance from transducer to focus 20. shades of gray assigned to certain pixels representing amount of reflection 25. : hyperechoic region behind poor attentuating structures 26. area in the near field that is not visualized 29. Patient or Phantom while performing an exam or QA 30. extent to which a signal can vary and still be accurately measured 31. error in imaging 36. Appears when sound energy in transmitted in a direction other than along the beam’s main axis 38. Provides information about a reflector’s changing location with respect to time 39. A device used to obtain specific information for diagnostic or experimental purposes 40. Beams leaving the transducer towards the patient in straight lines 41. acoustic resistance to sound traveling in a medium 43. effects of ultrasound on living tissue 45. The frequency of sound created by the transducer and transmitted into the body 50. The number of pulses that an ultrasound system transmits into the body each second 52. frequency/2 53. number of frames per second 56. side to side region that appears brighter than tissues at other depths 57. combination of one odd field and one even field, takes 1/30 second 60. Translates the information from the spoke format into the video format 64. distance from transducer to focus 66. time from the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse 69. number of cycles per second, inversely related to period and wavelength 70. pressure, density, distance 73. Short burst of acoustic energy produced by imaging systems to help create picture anatomy 74. The time taken for an echo to return from a target is greater than the pulse repetition period 75. The redirecting of a sound beam away from the transducer or in the opposite direction of the incident beam 76. 8 bits assigned per pixel, units are 0 or 1, assign gray scale to a pixel 78. redirecting of a portion of the wave’s energy back to the sound source 81. strength of a wave 82. The most common form of fixed focusing 85. : A unitless number that relates to bandwidth 88. measurement at the location where intensity is max. and at the instant in time that that most powerful part of the pulse passes 89. Random redirection of the sound in many directions 91. area of narrowest beam diameter, 1/2 width of beam leaving transducer 93. Measurement over the entire cross-sectional area of the intensity of the beam at the instant at its max 95. unit used to measure difference 97. black and white