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Across 1. the lesser lords 4. a code of conduct for knights 5. or estate 8. a new wave of nomadic people from Hungary 9. usually large and grand; wars were centered in capturing this 11. the selling of Church offices 13. drew up by Charlemagne's grandsons which split the empire into 3 regions 15. formal course of study, based on Latin learning 17. was sent to convert the Anglo-Saxons in England 20. lord's estate 21. or "Middle Age" 22. the religion of the people in Gaul 23. an order excluding an entire town, region or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and burial 24. were known as "lady of the manor" 25. most peasants in the manor; not slaves but could be bought or sold 26. sparsely populated, undeveloped area on the outskirts of a civilization

Down 2. sacred rites of the Church 3. the strongest kingdom to emerge 6. second smallest in land area of the seven continents 7. respected scholar of York 9. king of Franks 10. tax equal to a 10th of their income 12. exchange of pledges 14. wandering poets 15. also known as Charles the Great 16. loosely organized system in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords 18. mock battle 19. mounted warrior 20. believers in Muslims