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Across 1. the transfer of thermal energy by waves moving through space 3. thermal energy that is not converted into work (2 Words) 5. a material that conducts thermal energy poorly (2 Words) 7. 4.18 J/g•°C is the specific heat of ______ 9. a type of material that is a good conductor (hint: what are pots and pans usually made of?) 15. heat flows ______ from hot objects to cold objects 18. a decrease in volume of a material when its temperature decreases (2 Words) 19. the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius (2 Words) 23. absolute zero can never be reached is stated in the ______ law of thermodynamics 25. a material that conducts thermal energy well (2 Words) 26. the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of temperature differences

Down 2. an increase in volume of a material when its temperature increases (2 Words) 4. the study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy 6. conduction is slowest in this state of matter 8. occurs when a fluid circulates in a loop as it alternately heats up and cools down (2 Words) 10. the total potential and kinetic energy related to the motion of all the particles in an object (2 Words) 11. zero degrees kelvin (2 Words) 12. the 2nd law of thermodynamics states that thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if ______ is done 13. an instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy 14. the 1st law of thermodynamics states that energy is __________ 16. a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point 17. any device that converts heat into work (2 Words) 20. the transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another 21. the transfer of thermal energy within a material or between materials that touch or collide with each other 22. water ______ at 0 °C 24. thermal energy depends on the mass, temperature, and ______ (solid, liquid, or gas) of an object