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Across 3. RNA __________ removes introns and joins exons 5. the phage reproductive cycle that culminates in the death of the host 6. Beadle and ________ developped the “one gene–one enzyme hypothesis” 9. __________ viruses are those that appear suddenly or suddenly come to the attention of medical scientists 10. Archibald ___________ Was the first to suggest that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions in the cell 11. a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes 15. catalytic RNA molecules that function as enzymes and can splice RNA 16. Are very small infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat and, in some cases, a membranous envelope 19. In a _______ there is binding of a specific repressor protein to the operator shuts off transcription 22. the stepwise addition of amino acids to the growing protein chain 23. the protein shell that encloses the viral genome 24. viruses such as HIV that use the enzyme reverse transcriptase; they copy their RNA genome into DNA, which can then be integrated into the host genome as a provirus 25. the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA 26. Cells containing the F plasmid, designated F+ cells are DNA ______ 27. name of the process where there is the direct transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells that are temporarily joined 29. In bacteria, genes are often clustered into ____________ 30. the alteration of a bacterial cell’s genotype and phenotype by the uptake of naked, foreign DNA from the surrounding environment 31. the redundancy of the genetic code, exhibited as the multiplicity of three-codon combinations specifying an amino acid

Down 1. what do viruses absolutely need to create their genome? 2. Short, preexisting single-stranded polynucleotide chain to which new deoxyribonucleotides can be added by DNA polymerase 4. The self-replicating genetic structure of cells containing the cellular DNA that bears in its nucleotide sequence the linear array of genes 7. In eukaryotes, RNA transcripts are _______ before becoming true mRNA 8. _________ phages are capable of using both the lytic and lysogenic cycles of reproduction 11. Do inducible or repressible enzymes usually function in catabolic pathways 12. is any nucleotide sequence encoded by a gene that remains present within the final mature RNA product of that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing 13. the phage reproductive cycle that replicates the phage genome without destroying the host 14. harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen 17. name of the process where phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another 18. the actual synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA 20. Transcription and translation occur together in _____________ 21. viruses that specifically infect bacteria 26. A full set of genetic material, consisting of paired chromosomes one chromosome from each parental set 28. All the genetic material in the chromosomes of a particular organism; its size is generally given as its total number of base pairs.