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Across 1. small are in the mantle that is hotter than the surrounding area 4. supervolcanoes have very large _____ 9. type of volcano with layers of lava and sand and cinders and ash 12. secondary waves shake the ground _____ to the direction they move 14. shield volcanoes are composed of thin ____ flows that have built up 15. magma flows upward because it is hot and becomes less ______ 16. breaking and movement of these can cause earthquakes 21. opening in earth's crust where magma flows from 22. plates collide and one plate moves under the other plate 23. the direction that primary waves travel 24. most EQ occur along these 28. volcanoes form here when plates move away from each other 29. volcanoes occur along boundaries because the crust there is ______ 34. cinder cone volcanoes are only about ____ feet high 35. one of the methods used to distinguish a volcano 37. volcanoes can create new ________ 39. plate that carries the Hawaiian Islands 41. volcano that is recently erupted and may erupt soon 43. chain of volcanic islands located at a plate boundary 45. islands that are island arcs 47. pattern of lines created by a seismograph 48. state that formed because of a hot spot 49. volcano that has not erupted for thousands of years 50. surface waves move the Earth like this kind of wave 51. wave that does the most damage

Down 2. high density mixture of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gas erupted at high speeds 3. wave that arrives second at the seismograph 5. part of the Earth that only primary waves can travel through 6. volcanoes form here when an oceanic plate dives under another plate 7. shield volcanoes have this type of slope 8. another name for a composite volcano 10. the last super volcano occurred 74,000 years ago in _________ 11. surface waves can only travel through this part of the Earth 13. edge of the Pacific Plate where it is very common to find volcanoes and EQ 17. this can also cause magma to be forced up out of the Earth 18. measurement of EQ strength 19. this is the location of a continental hot spot 20. wave that arrives first at the seismograph 25. Hawaii is this type of volcano 26. when magma rises between dividing plates 27. instrument that records and detects seismic waves 30. point beneath Earth's surface where the rock breaks and triggers an EQ 31. volcano in Hawaii that is still growing 32. sudden and violent shaking of the ground 33. volcano that has not erupted in a long time but may in the future 35. point on the surface of earth directly above the point where the EQ occurs 36. hill or mountain formed by material from the mantle being forced upward 38. seismic waves transfer or carry this 40. type of slopes on a composite volcano 42. mountains that form from California to British Columbia 44. cinder cone volcanoes have very little lava but are made mostly of this 46. the hot lava from volcanoes can ___ trees and land