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Across 4. movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism 6. used to refer to the trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities, which were in turn shipped back to Britain 7. is a sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago 11. a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century 13. an Italian explorer responsible for the European discovery of America in 1492 14. refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds 17. the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies 18. thee first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607 in Virginia 19. an English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; was said to have been saved by Pocahontas 20. a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

Down 1. agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers 2. was an Icelandic explorer considered by some as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland), before Christopher Columbus. 3. the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism 5. informal and loosely defined European historical period from the 15th century to the 18th century, marking the time in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture 8. was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire 9. was emperor of the Aztecs at the time of the Spanish conquest 10. the cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome 12. was a Portuguese royal prince, soldier, and patron of explorers 15. a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area 16. a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower