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Across 4. _____ is a potassium sparing diuretic 6. _______ may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss 8. This study shows that the 5 year survival rate in patients with heart failure is about 50% 10. amiodarone, quinidine and verapamil can ______ digoxin levels by 50% 11. other adverse effects of _________ hypotension, angina, hypokalemia, tremor and thrombocytopenia 12. ACE inhibitors are beneficial in the treatment of heart failure because they prevent sodium and water resorption by inhibiting ________ secretion 13. ________ ejection fraction is about 65% 15. ______ ______ heart failure leads to systemic venous congestion, pedal edema, jugular venous distension, ascites and hepatic congestion 17. ______ used to be the mainstay of heart failure treatment but has been replaced by other drugs with fewer adverse side affects and drug interactions 20. has many effects including acting as a nonselective beta blocker, an alpha 1 blocker, and possible a calcium channel blocker and antioxident 21. a complete medication history should be completed including ________ _______ 22. an example of an angiotension 2 receptor blocker (ARBs) 24. ________ should be part of your assessment before giving drugs to treat heart failure 29. the approach to treating chronic heart failure revolves around _______ the effects of the renin-angiotension-aldosterone system and the sns 32. are used to decrease systemic vascular resistance 33. digixon is used to treat atrial fibrillation, 2nd or 3rd degree heart block, ventricular tachycardia, heart failure from dystolic dysfunction and subaortic stenosis depending on the patient's ________ ________ 36. __ ______ _______ may reduce digoxin levels 40. ________ _______ tests should be done before giving heart failure drugs 43. ______ ______ drugs increase the rate at which the heart beats 44. ________ also has a negative chronotropic and dromotropic effects, increases stroke volume, reduces heart size during diastole, decreases venous BP and vein engorgement, increase in coronary circulation, promotes tissue perfusion and diuresis, improved blood circulation and other effects 45. the only drug in the B-type natriuretic peptide class 46. The primary adverse effect of PDIs are ________ 47. ______ ______ heart failure leads to pulmonary edema, coughing, shortness of breath and dyspnea 48. the beneficial effect of digoxin is _________ 49. symptoms of heart failure in _______ may include poor growth, difficulty in feeding, tachypnea, inability to tolerate exercise and other activities, need to rest more often and dyspnea

Down 1. inhibition of phosphodiesterase results in a __________ 2. _______ _______ work by reducing or blocking SNS stimulation to the heart and the heart's conduction system 3. the only drug in the phosphodiesterase inhibitor class 5. ________ may potentiate the effects of digoxin 7. patient should take _____ _____ before each dose of digoxin 9. digoxin is primarily used in the treatment of _____ heart failure and atrial fibrallation 14. ________ may precipitate digoxin toxicity 16. ______ ______ drugs reduce the force of contraction 18. PDIs are primarily used in the ____ for the short term management of acute heart failure 19. ________ may increase digoxin levels 23. examples of _____ ________ are spironolactone and eplerenone 25. patients should avoid antacids, dairy products and bran products 2 hours before and 2 hours after drug administration to avoid decreased ________ 26. when large amounts of ______ are ingested, the absorption of oral digoxin may be decreased 27. is used to treat digoxin toxicity 28. contraindications of PDIs include the presence of severe aortic or pulmonary valvular disease and heart failure resulting from ______ ________ 30. an assessment of _____ ______ and all meal and snacks consumed in the last 24 hours 31. the beneficial effects of milrinone come form the intracellular increase in _____ 34. ______ ______ drugs increase the force of myocardial contractions 35. ______ ______ drugs accelerate conduction 37. ______ _______ is a pathological state in which the heart is unable to pump blood in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet the body's metabolic needs 38. the beta blocker most commonly used to treat heart failure 39. concurrent use of ________ may cause significant hypovolemia and decreased cardiac filling pressure 41. Mechanism of action PDIs differs from other ________ drugs such as digoxin and the catcholamines 42. the symptoms of ______ ______ include bradycardia, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea and visual disturbances