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Across 1. changes in this quantity cause thermal expansion and eventual cracking of rocks 3. light gray-brown soil containing less clay or chemical weathering, common to western U.S. 5. landform created by tectonic activie 6. describes a hill that is 'stepped' to reduce erosion from agriculture 7. primary agent of chemical weathering 8. describes a soil profile that contains very little organic matter or horizon layers 9. U-shaped feature formed when a glacier scours out an area between mountains 12. erosional agents that include plants and animals 16. landform shaped by erosion over time 18. "make up" of the rock that affects its weathering rate 19. combination of the O & A horizons 21. describes island sand deposits along coastal area 22. chemical sedimentary rock most affected by the acidity of precipitation 26. describes precipitation (ex: rain) whose pH < 5.6 normal level 27. weathering that breaks rocks apart without changing the rock's composition 28. meaning of the "O" in O horizon 29. decomposition and disintegration of rock at or near Earth's surface 31. describes the rock below the soil that weathers to produce the overlying soil 36. soil classification that consists of a fairly equal mix of clay, silt, and sand 37. an individual layer of soil 39. medium sediments in soil 40. parallel scratch in bedrock left behind when glaciers melt and retreat 41. largest sediment partilcles that are classified as soil 42. formed when glacier melt runoff sorts sediments by size 45. earth or mud movement that resembles a thick liquid 46. acid formed when carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolves into precipitation 48. a mixture of weathered rock/minerals, organic matter, water, and air 50. describes the numerous lakes formed by glaciers when ice chunks break off, are buried in sediments, then melt leaving a depression 52. deposit, often at the base of mountains, having a characteristic 'fan' shape 53. smallest sediments in soil that can take days to settle out 54. describes soil that contains well-developed layers 55. slowest mass movement of soil 56. type of plowing that follows the curve of a hill to reduce erosion 57. most powerful agent of erosion

Down 1. describes the "lay of the land"... steeper or flatter 2. also known as sheeting or slabbing, it's large blocks that break off an exposed igneous intrusion 3. brown-red soil rich in iron oxide and aluminum clays common to eastern U.S. 4. thick layer of fine sediment particles deposited by wind in the U.S. midwest 10. the organic matter and microscopic life taken together in the O horizon 11. when water freezing in cracks of rocks causes them to be broken into smaller pieces 13. orange-red soils containing little organic matter which dries very hard, common to tropical areas 14. dropping of sediments in new locations 15. deposit at the mouth of a river, often triangular in shape 17. large rock/boulder moved and deposited by a glacier 20. the combined vertical layers that make up soil 23. crystal that can form and grown in rock cracks and help break them apart 24. chemical weathering that occurs when oxygen reacts with iron in rocks, making them more easily-crumbled 25. removal of weathered rock, soil, or sediments from its original location 30. classification of soil based on its mineral content (color) 32. erosion that follows 'sheet erosion', it begins to form small channels 33. cone-shaped debris pile at the base of a steep slope formed by rock falls/slides 34. another term for the B horizon 35. a mound of sediments pushed up, then left behind by a retreating glacier 38. row of trees planted in areas to reduce wind erosion 43. unsorted sediments left behind by melting glacier 44. rapid downslope movement of materials when soil/rock separates from underlying layers 46. most important weathering rate factor 47. the removal/washing away (down) of clay and minerals from the A horizon as rainwater seeps through 49. a large river or sheet of ice that can produce large scale erosion features 51. the 'feel' of soil based on its content of clay, silt, and sand (ex: clay, loam, etc.)