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Across 2. denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets. 4. expansion, was a series of migrations of the Bantu people from the Congo area to present day Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, because of drought, famine, and population increase. 6. a common surname of Indian origin. 11. Judaism) the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures (the Pentateuch). 12. a South American hummingbird having mainly blackish or bronze-colored plumage with one or two white breast patches. 15. a region and cultural area in the Americas, extending up there approximately from central Mexico to Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, 17. eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia 18. : Indian empire founded by Chandragupta, beginning with his kingdom in northeastern India and spreading to most of northern and central India. 19. doctrine or belief that there is only one God. 24. monotheistic religion of the Jew 25. a crescent-shaped region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia, the Nile Valley and Nile Delta 26. united most of the Indian subcontinent under one rule and was converted to Buddhism, establishing it as the state religion 28. prospered from trade and manufacturing until the capital, Tyre, was sacked by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. 30. Semitic language of the Hebrews, in its ancient or modern form. 32. sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, reigning from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. 33. a ruler in ancient Egypt. 34. member of the American Indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century.

Down 1. a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC 2. city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. 3. refers to a set of rules or laws enacted by the Babylonian King Hammurabi (reign 1792-1750 B.C.). 5. monumental structure with a square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top, especially one built of stone as a royal tomb in ancient Egypt. 7. laws or rules handed down to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. 8. a form of the Hebrew name of God used in the Bible. The name came to be regarded by Jews ( c. 300 BC) as too sacred to be spoken, and the vowel sounds are uncertain. 9. the belief in or worship of more than one god. 10. a male given name: from a Hebrew word meaning “father of many.”. 13. worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. 14. supernatural power wielded by gods and demons to produce illusions 16. is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. 20. character of the ancient Egyptian writing system. 21. an idyllic, often imaginary past time of peace, prosperity, and happiness. the period when a specified art, skill, or activity is at its peak. "the golden age of cinema" 22. longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. 23. historical region situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system 27. a massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia and the western Iranian plateau 29. a member of a prehistoric people inhabiting the coast of Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico ( c. 1200–400 BC), who established what was probably the first Meso-American civilization. 31. the first urban civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia,