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Across 2. Hernando Cortes conquered the _______________of Mexico. 4. Europeans now had first-hand knowledge of just how backward _______ seemed in comparison to the more advanced Islamic culture. 5. Which items from the Colombian Exchange were the most beneficial to people around the world? 7. What items from the Colombian Exchange were the most profitable? 10. He was the first to create a direct sea route for trade between Portugal and India 11. Zheng He is known as the ____________Christopher Columbus due to his extensive travels 12. Muslims sold _________goods to Italian merchants, who controlled trade across the land routes of the Mediterranean region. 13. Because _______ for spices was greater than supply, merchants could charge high prices and make great profits. 14. According to the Treaty of Tordesillas ,all land_________of the Line of Demarcation would belong to Spain. 15. Where did Columbus believe he landed in October 1492? 16. The people of Europe had been introduced to _______and luxury goods from Asia during the Crusades. 20. Magellan’s crew accomplished ________________of the world 21. The desire to spread __________was a motivating factor for European exploration. 23. After the Crusades ended, ____________ continued to demand these goods. 24. Roman Catholic popes encouraged Christian kings and knights to undertake military expeditions, or ________, to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims. 25. Still, the __________ probably had greater impact on Europe than on the Holy Land 26. During the _________ time period of history, European crusaders battled Muslims for control of the Holy Lands. 27. According to the Treaty of Tordesillas, all lands east of the Line of Demarcation would belong to __________ 30. Europeans acquired important technologies from the Muslim world including the astrolabe, an Arabic instrument for measuring _________. 31. Europeans acquired important technologies from the Muslim world including the ____________ (from China), 33. In 1488, ___________ and his crew sailed along the western coast of Africa and reach the southern tip of Africa. 34. One of the consequences for Portugal breaking the old Muslim-Italian domination of trade from the East was the price reduction of Asian goods for 1/5 or ________ of the previous prices when purchased from the Italians and Arabs. 36. Europeans acquired important technologies from the Muslim world including the "Arabic" numbering system (from _____) 37. Francisco Pizarro conquered the ______________of South America 38. Pope Alexander VI issued the Treaty of Tordesillas to keep peace between Portugal and _______. 39. In October of ____________, Columbus reached landfall in the Bahamas.

Down 1. Considered by many historians to be the 2nd most influential individual of the last millennium 2. Unlike Columbus, the Italian navigator ____________claimed this land was not part of Asia, but a “new world”. Mapmakers then named the new world after him. 3. As a result of Prince Henry’s efforts and interests,___________was the leader in developing and applying sailing and technological innovations. 6. Italians resold the items at ______________ prices to merchants throughout Europe. 8. These ___________ would make it possible for European ships to sail far out to sea. 9. The Bahamas are located in the __________________Sea. 14. The desire for new sources of __________was the main reason for European exploration. 17. Not a Navigator but sponsored Navigation school 18. The ______________encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity. 19. He wrote what is probably the most influential travel book of all time, The Travels of ______ _______. 22. Muslims and ___________ controlled trade from East to West. 28. Improved ship designs and technological tools such as the _____________, triangular sails, astrolabe, magnetic compass, and sextant enabled Europeans to successfully explore new lands. 29. Having to pay __________traders as “middle men” cut into their profits severely and thus sought new trade routes to Asia. 31. Polo's medieval travel book gave Europeans their first real knowledge of _________, and about two centuries later it inspired another Italian, Christopher Columbus of Genoa, to set sail for Asia. 32. The spices, rare silks, precious gems cargo from India was worth______x cost of the voyage for Vasco de Gama. 35. Sailing ______________ across the Atlantic to reach Asia was unique about Christopher Columbus’ plan. 37. In the Medieval age of history_________ grew wealthy as the main trading crossroads between East and West.