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Across 2. A book probably dating to circa 1000 B.C.E. and first recorded in writing around 600 C.E. whose title means “The Injunction of Zarathustra” the founding prophet of Zoroastrianism. Contains hymns attributed to Zarathustra himself, which provide our best guide to his original thought (2 Words) 4. (460-385 B.C.E.) Author of the History of the Persian War, a pioneering work 7. Iranian religion named for Zarathustra (in Persian, Zoroaster in Greek) who taught that a host of good deities and evil demons, all in perpetual conflict, populate the supernatural world 9. the ruling dynasty of Iran between 550 and 330 B.C.E. The Achaemenids, whose founder was from the region of Persia in the southwest region of modern-day Iran, ruled the Persian Empire and at its height in the fifth century B.C.E. governed a population estimated at 30-35 million 10. (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) the Third Achaemenid Persian ruler who succeeded to the throne by Coup; he conquered much territory in Eurasia but was unable to defeat the Scythians north of the Black Sea or the Greeks. He also reformed the empire’s administrative structure (2 Words) 12. Elements of the various Persian empires that lived on after the fall of the Sasanians, including ideal of rulership, truth telling and justice, and the recitation of Persian verses and epic poems 15. Formerly seen as a one way stream of influence in which non Greek people adopted Greek language, education, sculpture, architecture, and other customs, but more recently understood as a two-way process, with non-Greeks and Greeks influencing each other. 16. the first metal coins in th world dating to around 600 B.C.E., Made from Electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver collected from the river beds in Lydia, a region on the Aegean coast of Modern-Day Turkey (2 Words) 17. The third Achaemenid ruler, Darius, divided his empire into provinces, called satrapies, each administered by a governor, or satrap. The officials under the Satrap were recruited locally, a hallmark of the Persian system 18. (247-224 B.C.E.) the ruling dynasty of Iran, who defeated the Seleucids and took over their territory in 140 B.C. E. Famous for their heavily armored cavalry, they posed a continuous problem for the Roman Empire

Down 1. (466-399 B.C.E.) A great philosopher who believed that virtue was the highest good. He developed a method of instruction still in use today, in which teachers ask students questions without revealing the answers 3. (r. 336-323 B.C.E.) Also known as Alexander the Great, son of Phillip of Macedon. He defeated the last Achaemenid ruler in 331 B.C.E. and ruled the former Persian Empire until his death (3 Words) 5. The Ruling Dynasty (224-651 C. E.) of Iran who defeated the Parthians and ruled for more than four centuries until the Islamic conquest of Iran. Introduced innovations such as non-satrap royal lands and government of Zoroastrianism 6. (384-322 B.C.E.) A Greek philosopher who encouraged his students to observe the natural world and explain logically why they proceeded from their stated assumptions. This sys of reasoning shapes how we present written arguments today. 8. (r.558-530 B.C.E.) Founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Iran. A native of Persis, Cyrus staffed his administration with many Persians as well as Medes, the tribe he defeated when he took power 9. The name of the supreme deity of Zoroastrianism, the Lord of Truth, who created heaven and earth, day and night, and darkness and light (2 Words) 11. A seagoing people who, around 900 B.C.E. expanded outward from their base on the Mediterranean coast of Modern-day Lebanon. Their alphabet, which used only letters with no pictorial symbols, is the ancestor of the Roman alphabet. 12. (429-317 B.C.E.) A student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle, who used the Socratic method in teaching, which emphasized ethics. He believed that students should use reason to choose the correct course of action. 13. (flourished 480 B.C.E.) the woman ruler of Halicarnassus, on the Aegean coast of modern-day Turkey, who fought with the Persians against the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis 14. (ca. 485-425 B.C.E.) a Greek speaking historian born in Halicarnassus, author of the histories, n investigation of the history, folklore, geography, plants, and customs of the known world; known as the “father of History.”