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Across 4. African kingdom in modern-day Tunisia that was an economic and military Rival to Rome 5. the book believed by Muslims to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad. 6. small sailboats used in the Indian Ocean 8. volcanic glass used to make knife and weapon blades. 9. Refers to Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague, both caused by Pasturella Pestis. 10. A pilgrimage to Mecca by all Muslims in their lifetime who can afford the trip 15. Great philosopher who believed that virtue as the highest good 17. term, meaning Wedge-Shaped, the writing system of Sumer, later became completely phonetic 18. Greek historian who after being deported to Rome, wrote the rise and fall of the Roman Empire 22. name of a historic king of Uruk, subject of an Epic Poem 23. Members of a movement calling for the destruction of images of Jesus, Mary, and the Saints, as they were believed to violate the Second Commandment against graven images 24. reddish-brown Iron based pigment used to color soil and decorate cave walls. 25. Believed by Muslims to be the last prophet of God, who received God’s revelation directly from the Angel Gabriel. 26. Korean Kingdom that adopted Buddhism and united with the Tang Dynasty 28. Japanese Monk who traveled to China between 838 and 847 to obtain original Buddhist texts 29. Chinese belief system that stressed the “Way,” as expressed in the Dao. 30. Greek Speaking Historian, born in Helicarnassus 32. African coastal region facing the Mediterranean whose residents largely converted to Islam in the 1100’s. 36. imaginary triangle linking Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand (2 Words) 40. the first monotheistic religion, Ahura Mazda was the name of the Deity 43. term that means, “New Stone Age” 44. convenient but perishable writing material made from a reed that grew along the Nile 45. Chinese belief that Heaven generated the power to choose the rightful ruler of China (3 Words) 47. language, belonging to the Indo-European language family, spoken by Indo-Aryans 48. Author of the Confessions, and a prominent early Christian thinker who encouraged Christians to confess their sins 49. Dynasty that was a political and cultural high point in Chinese History (2 Words) 50. Muslim Geographer based In Cordoba, Spain; whose Book of Routes and Realms, is one of the first written resources about Africa 51. Alphabet developed in the Ninth Century that allowed Japanese to write the pronunciation of words in Japanese 53. Polynesian who used traditional navigation process to travel from Hawaii to Tahiti in 1976 (2 Words) 54. eastern half of the Roman Empire after the loss of the Western Half in 476 (2 Words) 55. the first dynasty to rule over a unified China (2 Words)

Down 1. term that is used to refer to a “subcaste” in modern-day India 2. Landmass not submerged below water that connected the tip of Siberia with the eastern corner of Alaska 3. earliest complex society in the Americas, in modern-day Peru 6. Sanskrit term meaning correct conduct 7. Complex Society that developed on the Gulf of Mexico from Veracruz to Tabasco 9. god-king who ruled the unified kingdom of Egypt 11. alloy of copper and tin used to make the earliest metal tools 12. Nomadic people of Northern China who military strength came from brilliant horsemanship 13. Student of Plato who was taught at the Academy in Alexandria, later tutor to Alexander the Great 14. Means by which non-Greek people adopted Greek language, culture, education, literature, architecture, and other customs. 15. author of Records of the Grand Historian, a history of China from ancient times to the first century B.C.E. (2 Words) 16. navigational instrument that was invented/developed by Muslims and was used the world over. 17. world’s largest early settlement, with a population between 5-6,000 located in modern-day Turkey 19. turner of the wheel, a Buddhist term for the ideal ruler who patronized Buddhism but never became a monk 20. the eldest male in a Roman Family, and, legally the only one who could own land 21. title which was awarded to Octavian Caesar, successor to Julius Caesar, by the Roman Senate; means revered. 26. larger of the two Muslim groups that formed after the death of the fourth Caliph, Sunni Ali 27. Sanskrit term that means “extinction,” used to refer to a person who followed Buddhism and reached ultimate understanding 31. Region including most of Northern and Eastern England, over which Scandinavians maintained control. 33. term that originally identified a person as from Judea, eventually applied to anyone who was Hebrew. 34. First female ancestor shared by all living humans. (2 Words) 35. Frankish Dynasty in modern-day France and Germany, whose founder Clovis, converted to Christianity and ruled as a war-band leader. (2 Words) 37. Earliest surviving written records in China, found on bones and Turtle shells (2 Words) 38. the only female to openly rule China as Emperor (2 Words) 39. Term the Vinland Sagas for Americans living on the coast of Canada and possible Maine. 41. archaeological principle that, at an undisturbed site, material from upper levels is more recent than that from lower levels 42. Buddhist term denoting a being headed for Buddhahood who postpones it to help others 46. Nazarene rabbi believed by Christians to be the Messiah, the figure who would bring salvation to mankind 52. name of the 887 statues made of volcanic rock found on Easter Island.