Across 6. Spanish Conquistador who conquered the Incas. 7. 17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle "i think therefore i am"; believed mind and matter were completely separate; known as the father of modern rationalism. 8. Famous Renaissance writer who was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language 12. 1483-1520 Short but productive life. Worked in Florence and Rome. Well-known for Madonnas, humanized portrayals of the Virgin Mary with the baby Jesus. Painted frescoes in Vatican Palace 13. Italian Renaissance artist that painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa, he was also an engineer, architect, sculptor, and scientist 18. Polish astronomer who was the first to formulate a scientifically based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the earth from the center of the universe. This theory is considered the epiphany that began the Scientific Revolution 19. 16th century German monk and professor who is considered to be the person who started the Protestant Reformation; he began by criticizing Church practices (mainly indulgences) and ultimately broke with the Catholic Church to form his own new religious faith. 20. An English natural philosopher and scientist who discovered the laws of motion and eventually developed the laws of movement found among the bodies of Earth. Published Principia Mathematica and discovered the law of universal gravitation.

Down 1. Italian explorer responsible for the European discovery of America in 1492. He had sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain, under the patronage of the king and queen, Ferdinand and Isabella, hoping to find a westward route to India. 2. Craftsman from Mainz, Germany who developed a printing press. 3. An Italian who provided more evidence for Heliocentrism. He invented a new telescope, studied the sky, and published what he discovered. Because his work provided evidence that the Bible was wrong he was arrested and ended up on house arrest for the rest of his life 4. English politician, writer. Formalized the empirical method. Novum Organum. Inductive reasoning 5. A sailor, talented navigator, cartographer, and the founder of Quebec. 9. A conquistador who was sent by Spain to conquer the Aztec empire. 10. Succeed in gaining a sea route between Portugal and India around the west coast of Africa. 11. Born Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi in Florence, Italy, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence 14. Known as Prince Henry the Navigator, he supported exploration and founded a navigational school to support the expansion of the Portuguese Empire. 15. (1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532 16. Bankers to the Pope.who controlled Florence throughout much of the Renaissance, and played a large part in the patronage of the arts and the political development of the city. 17. (1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.