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Across 5. The process by which other ecosystems become deserts due to unwise farming techniques, drought, wind or overgrazing by animals. 8. A group of 24 orbiting satellites that can help pinpoint one’s location anywhere on Earth. 9. A major scientific research effort of the 1960s, which led to the development of seeds that thrive with fertilizers, pesticides and controlled irrigation. 10. A major scientific effort begun in 1990 that attempted to identify all of the genes contained in human DNA.A rough map of the human genome was completed in 2000. 11. Known as the precursor to the Internet, a wide network developed in the 1960s that linked many research centers and universities. ARPA refers to the Advanced Research Projects Agency, a branch of the U.S. military.

Down 1. A program developed to produce a nuclear weapon during World War II. Named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers where much of the research took place. 2. An agency founded in 1906 to oversee and monitor food and drugs produced in the United States. 3. Any material that is used for the purpose of repelling or killing weeds, rodents or other pests. 4. The result of the introduction of specific genes into plants to develop crops with specific desirable traits, such as resistance to insects/pests.The most commonly produced genetically modified foods are soybeans and corn. 6. A term that describes the gap between those who have access to modern information technology, such as computers and the Internet, and those who don’t. 7. Also known as the infant death rate, a statistic that is an important measure of the overall health and well-being of a country’s population.The number refers to the number of children dying in their first year of life, and is highest in sub-Saharan Africa.