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Across 3. members of Roman Catholic mendicant, teaching religious order founded by Saint Francis of Assisi in early 13th century (L232-234) 4. Charlemagne’s counselor; introduced cursive script G77 5. He was one of a small group of scholars who invigorated medieval Europe in the twelfth century by transmitting Greek and Arab traditions in astronomy, medicine and other sciences, in the form of translations into Latin, which made them available to every literate person in the West. One of his most famous translations is of Ptolemy's Almagest from Arabic texts found in Toledo. (L216) 7. anonymous treatise from Alexandria; originally written in Greek; collections of animal lore arranged in short entries or chapters; contains about 40 entries L354 8. was a French bishop of Paris during the thirteenth century. He is best remembered for promulgating a Condemnation of 219 philosophical and theological propositions (or articles) that addressed ideas and concepts that were being discussed and disputed in the faculty of Arts at the University of Paris. (L246-247) 9. Persian (ibn Sina) Islamic commentator on Aristotle (Platonic leaning) and medical encyclopedist; wrote more than 100 treatises L187 10. a French nun, writer, scholar, and abbess, best known for her love affair and correspondence with Peter Abélard. 12. an Irish theologian (800s CE), Neo-platonist philosopher, and poet. He is known for having translated and made commentaries upon the work of Pseudo-Dionysius (L198-199) 14. Developed as a set of rules for determining the proper date of Easter and other religious feast day L196 17. Term used to describe relationship of natural philosophy to theology; Latin word for ancilla 18. Franciscans and Dominicans “the mendicants (means begging or living on alms)” were “regular clergy”, because they lived under a regula or rule L232 19. Islamic philosopher(ibn Rushd); wrote commentaries on Aristotle L217 23. A member of Siger's Circle who argued that philosophers must refute Christian teachings of creation and must instead defend the entirety of of the world L244-245 24. A scholar who attempted to use Plato's theories of cosmology and physics to elucidate Genesis' notion of creation; attempted to attribute the creation of the four elements within the 6 days of creation L210 25. Another term for dividing the terrestrial globe into climatic zones L279 26. Englishman (ca. 1220-1292) argued that the new philosophy (reason) is a divine gift capable of proving articles of faith; philosophy is God-given and there can be no conflict between it and the articles of faith L235-36 27. Scholar who had an affair with Heliose; wrote Sic et Non L208 28. Wrote “De material medica” that contains careful descriptions of more than six hundred plants, along with a variety of animal products, and close to one hundred minerals L162 29. Astronomical instrument used to measure celestial bodies; name of Abelard and Heloise’s child G159

Down 1. English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian and Bishop. Founder of the tradition of scientific thought in medieval Oxford, wrote on light, explained rainbows. (L234) 2. a period of scholastic and religious revival in the 8th century when books were collected and translated in the classical tradition L196, G42 4. Founder of Christian Aristotelianism; wrote numerous commentaries on Aristotle’s works L237 6. The outermost sphere beyond the celestial planetary spheres. Invisible and motionless, served as the abode of the angles L259 11. ______schools attached to churches (bishops) that offered higher education to clergymen and boys; applied reason to theology and attempted to recover Latin classics L206, G159 13. Enlarged the Carolingian Empire and ordered the creation of cathedral and monastic schools. Appointed Alcuin to be head of educational efforts; Charles the Great L194-196 15. Determined by the balance of four elements and their corresponding qualities (hot, cold, wet, dry) in the person’s body. Also known as temperament L336 16. originally monk Gerbert of Aurillac (ca. 945-1003); one of the earliest and perhaps the most important initiator of fruitful intellectual contact between Islam and Latin Christendom; advanced cause of mathematical science in the West; became Pope L199, 203 20. reading Platonic ideas into the Aristotelian text; Platonized version of Aristotelian philosophy was clearly presented by his principal commentator in early 13th century Muslim Avicenna L228 21. Text written by Peter Abelard L208 22. Members of the mendicant, teaching order founded early in the 13th century L232