Across 2. The most inferior portion of the larynx and only full cartilaginous ring of the upper airway. It is immediately below the thyroid cartilage. 4. Passageway at the lower end of the pharynx that leads to the stomach. 6. Anatomical areas in the respiratory tract (outside the alveoli) in which air collects during inhalation but no gas exchange occurs. 9. The air sacs of the lungs. Pl. of alveolus. 15. Containing low amounts of oxygen, as with venous blood. 16. A form of noninvasive PPV. The device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure. It differs from CPAP in that it provides different pressures: higher during inspiration, lower during expiration. Also called biphasic positive airway pressure. 18. Pressure applied to the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus. Also called the Sellick Maneuver. 19. A positive pressure ventilation (PPV) device that delivers ventilations automatically 21. On both sides. 22. The amount of inspired air that reaches the alveoli of the lungs. 23. A method of aiding a patient whose breathing is inadequate by forcing air into his lungs. Also called Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV). 26. Gasping-type respirations that have no pattern and occur infrequently; a sign of impending respiratory or cardiac arrest. Also called agonal breathing. 27. Maneuver to manipulate the position of the larynx to achieve better visualization of the glottic opening during insertion of an endotracheal tube. One rescuer places a thumb on the left side of the cartilage and fingers on the right side. The rescuer performing intubation guides the first rescuer's hand to provide the best view of the glottic opening. 29. A form on noninvasive PPV. The device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure. 30. Maneuver to manipulate the position of the larynx to achieve better visualization of the glottic opening during the insertion of an endotracheal tube. External pressure is applied to the thyroid cartilage to push it back toward the spinal column, up toward the chin, and laterally to the patient's right.

Down 1. A device that consists of a ventilation valse and trigger or button and is driven directly by oxygen. It is used to provide positive pressure ventilation. 3. A positive pressure ventilation (PPV) device that consists of a bag with a nonrebreather valve and a mask. The bag-valve device is connected to the mask or other airway. The bag is squeezed to deliver a ventilation to the patient. 5. The passive process of breathing air out of the lungs. 7. Also known as aerobic metabolism, occurs in the cell. The process breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, produces high amounts of energy in the form of ATP, and releases carbon dioxide and water as a by-product. 8. A respiratory rate slower than normal (<12 rpm for adults). 10. A technique in which the thumb and index finger are crossed with the thumb on the lower incisors and index finger on the upper incisors. 11. Receptors that constantly monitor the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood pH and stimulate a change in respiratory rate and depth. 12. As sound similar to that of a cawing crow that indicates that the muscles around the larynx are in spasm and beginning to narrow the opening into the trachea. 13. The bulky cartilage that forms the anterior portion of the larynx. Also called thyroid cartilage. 14. A major muscle of respiration that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. 17. Small branches of the bronchi. 20. The gas exchange process that occurs between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. 21. The two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement. 24. A small, leaf-shaped flap of cartilaginous tissue, located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue, that covers the opening of the larynx to keep food and liquid from entering the trachea and lungs. 25. A blue-grey color of the mucous membranes and/or skin, which indicates inadequate oxygenation or poor perfusion. 28. The point at which the trachea splits into the right and left main-stem bronchi. An endotracheal tube should not go past this point.