| Viscosity | | rapidly moving volcanic material |
| pluton | | forms when material ejected high into the air falls back to earth and piles up around the vent. |
| batholith | | larger depressions. |
| stock | | intrusive igneous rock bodies. |
| laccolith | | rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption. |
| sill | | is a mountain with broad gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base. |
| dike | | irregularly shaped masses of coarse-grained igneous rocks cover at least 100 km and take millions of years to form. |
| vent | | at the top of a volcano, around the vent, is a bowl shaped depression |
| crater | | a mushroom-shaped pluton with a round top and flat bottom |
| caldera | | is a pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks |
| shield volcano | | the internal resistance of flow |
| cinder-cone volcano | | forms when layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava. |
| composite volcano | | an opening in the crust where lava erupts. |
| tephra | | is a pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel to layers of rock |
| pyroclastic flow | | hot regions of earths mantle where high temps plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface. |
| hot spot | | irregularly shaped plutons that are similar to batholiths but are smaller in size |