| XX | | attributes influenced by single genes, usually on X chromosome |
| XY | | A weaker gene that can be dominated |
| genotype | | A gene that is expressed phenotypically |
| phenotype | | the activation of particular genes in particular cells which influences traits |
| epigenetic effects | | two genes expressed, such as A and B blood types producing AB blood type in children |
| gene expression | | female zygote |
| single gene-pair inheritance | | produces new trait, such as red and white flowers producing pink |
| dominant gene | | the traits a person eventually has |
| recessive gene | | characteristics influenced by multiple pairs of genes |
| incomplete dominance | | the sum total of genes transmitted from parent to offspring |
| codominance | | ways in which genetic information is modified by environment and translated into the substance and behavior of an organism |
| sex-linked characteristcs | | traits influenced by only one pair of genes, one from the mother and one from the father |
| hemophilia | | more common among males, sex-linked on X chromosome |
| polygenic traits | | male zygote |