| What is biogeography? | | The movement of alleles between populations. With significant gene flow, the more similar the population will be |
| What are molecular comparisons? | | The selective breeding of plants and animals by humans to get offspring with particular traits |
| What is artificial selection? | | A range of techniques that can be used to show relatedness between species and how close the common ancestor is e.g. DNA comparisons |
| What is a cline? | | Over population, variation, competition, survival of the fittest and favourable combination increase |
| What are allele frequencies? | | A continuous gradual change in a species. Usually along the edge of a county or continent |
| What is a gene pool? | | Is a group of sexually reproductively isolated organisms that can produce fertile offspring and can interbreed. |
| What can mutation do to a gene pool? | | A concept which describes the degree of relatedness between species. The more closely related means they have a more common recent ancestor |
| What is natural selection? | | When species that come from different ancestors evolve similar adaptations due to similar selections pressures e.g. dolphin and shark |
| What is adaptive fitness? | | Introduce new alleles, therefore introducing new traits |
| What is a species? | | They can demonstrate the accuracy of evolution, they can provide a link in evolution and can show common ancestors |
| What is genetic drift? | | The total number of alleles within a population |
| What is gradualism? | | A type of sympatric speciation where there is a relatively rapid emergence of a new species due to polyploidy mutation |
| What is adaptive radiation? | | The speciation of two new species from a common ancestor. Each form a new evolutionary lineage |
| What is sequential evolution? | | The failure of chromosomes to separate evenly in meiosis resulting in gametes with incorrect number of chromosomes |
| What is coevolution? | | When in evolution there is a long period of little change (stasis) followed by a relatively rapid change. This is likely to occur when the environment goes through periods of stability, followed by a rapid change |
| What is non disjunction? | | When two or more species directly effects the evolution of another. Likely when two species often interact. e.g. bird and flower, lion and zebra |
| What are pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms? | | What different species are able to coexist due to adaptations that minimilize interspecific competition |
| What is gene flow? | | Is the change in allele frequencies within a population due to chance. It is exaggerated in small populations and some alleles may become completely lost |
| What is nice differation? | | When populations slowly diverge from one another by having different characteristics in response to different selection pressures |
| What are the concepts of Darwinism? | | Missing phrase2 - 31 |
| What roles can fossils play? | | The comparison between embryonic development of different vertebrates. Closely related forms will be more similar |
| What are vestigial structures? | | An organisms ability to survive and reproduce due to its adaptions. Natural selection will favour those that are adaptively fit |
| What is comparative embryology? | | Where the species of a single evolutionary lineage changes over time to become genetically distinct from is ancestral form |
| What are analogous structures? | | The number of alleles for a given trait. The frequency can change over time due to a number of factors |
| What is a punctured equilibrium? | | Anatomical features which are derived from a common ancestor and show similarity. The structures are adapted to suit the niche in which the organism has evolved. e.g. pendedactal limb |
| What is convergent evolution? | | When structures that have similar functions come from species with common ancestors. It may indicate convergent evolution |
| What is common ancestry? | | Behavioural differences, habitat preferences, structural differences and physiological differences. |
| What are homologous structures? | | When a species number gets down to zero |
| What is extinction? | | The process of evolutionary change in a population or species. Those species that carry desirable genes will be bred in. Is dependent on the environment |
| What is divergent evolution? | | Structures in a organism that show evidence of a common ancestor and former use. They no longer provide the same function due to selection pressures |
| What is instant speciation? | | When one species quickly evolves into many offspring species due to a sudden change in the environment. This occurs when an organism reaches a new niche. |
| What is a ring species | | The principle that plants and animals originate only once. Regions that have been separated from the world for a long time often have distinct biota with a large number of endemic species |
