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Genetics

Traci

Words and Definitions

1tRNA _____inherited from two healthy heterozygous parents(carriers) TEND TO "SKIP" GENERATIONS
2mRNA _____Equally likely to affect both sexes
3ribosomes _____Traits that are dominant in one sex but recessive in the other
4Genetics _____Carried on chromosomes which are composed of DNA
5Genes _____Gene code for a heritable trait
6Homologous _____single chromosomes in our sex cells (egg or sperm) cell contanis only 23 chromosomes
7diploid  _____Both parents heterozygous (carriers) Ex: Cystic Fibrosis
8haploid _____Indicates the offspring of the F1 generation
9allele _____How a gene affects phenotype
10mutation _____Homozygous Dominant
11Tay Sachs, PKU  _____BOTH alleles are expressed EX: AB blood
12Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia _____result of a protein having an "altered" function
13Epilepsy _____appearance ( Brown eyes, Blue yes)
14DNA _____XYY (super males)
15Independant assortment and crossing over _____Brown:Blue
16Mitosis _____XXX,XXXX (super-females)
17Meiosis _____cells that contain pairs -Cell contains 46 chromosomes or 23 "pairs"
18BB _____inherited by at least one affected parent DOES NOT "SKIP" GENERATIONS
19bb _____protein produced in "excess" (excess GABA leads to excess norepinephrine
20Bb _____method used to visually predict the outcome when 2 genotypes are crossed
21Homozygous _____site of protein assembly
22Heterozygous _____More than one genotype cauwesd the same phenotype
23Phenotype _____Homezygous Recessive
24Genotype _____Abnormal # of chromosomes
25P _____When a single genotype affects many phenotypes
26F1 _____1 cell (46 chromosomes) end up with 2 IDENTICAL cells
27F2 _____only tend to affect certain sex (EX: Woman don't grow beards but her son does)
28Hair color, eye color, blood type, enzymes _____1 cell (46 chromosomes) end up with 4 DIFFERENT cells
29Punnet Square _____inheriting two DIFFERENT allels
30Genootype RATIO _____Indicates parents generation
31Phenotype RATIO _____exhibits phenotype where both alleles are partially expressed(Blended)
32Autosomal Conditions _____Genetics (dominant, recessive, homozygoues, heterozygous)
33Recessive Conditions _____One or more extra chromosomes Ex: frequently seen in Breast Cancer
34Dominant Conditions _____error in the DNA code (gene)
35Autosomal Recessive Inheritance _____Events that can occur during meiosis that result in Genetic Variation
36Autosomal Dominant Inheritance _____Missing a chromosome EX: Turner's Syndrome Female with one X)
37Incomplete Dominant Inheritance _____Heterozygous
38Inomplete Dominance _____make zygote growth impossible, cause a miscarriage, abnormality at birth but prevents long life, not affect length of life
39Codominant _____one or more different forms of gene for same trait at a specific site on homologous chromosomes
40Gene Expression _____The study of inheritance and variability
41Penetrance _____phenotype presentation
42Expressivity _____errors in crossover,meiosis or mitosis; results in wrong number or defective chromosomes
43Pleiotrophy _____Determined by more than one gene EX: Height, skin color,eye color
44Genetic Heterogeneity _____one of the four amino acid chains in hemoglobin is incorrect causing "sickling" of Erythrocytes(RBC)
45Polygenic traits _____Trasports amino acids to active site
46Multifactorial traits _____Complete Extra set of chromosomes Triploid+ 3 sets of chromosomes (69 total) Results in death ase embryo or fetus
47Sex-Linked Inheritance _____BB:Bb:bb
48Sex limited traits _____contain genes that control same trait
49Sex Influenced Traits _____genetic information of living organisms that make up the genes of chromosomes
50Genetic Abnormalities _____when an enzyme is "lacking" from a metabolic pathway, childhood storage disease results
51Chromosomal Abnormalities _____Parents genotypes -Affected parent= +,HD -Unaffected parent= +,+ Ex: Huntington Disease
52Aneuploidy _____Determined by more than one gene and environment EX: Height-detemined by more than one gene and nutrition plays a role
53Nondisjuction (Cause of aneuploidy) _____Contains blueprint for protein synthesis
54Anaphase Lag _____One chromosome "lags" behind and is left out of the cell
55Monosomy _____how much phenotype is expressed
56Polysomy _____inheriting IDENTICAL allels
57Multiple X _____Indicates the offspring of the P generation
58Multple Y _____Traits transmitted on the X chromosome
59Polyploidy _____paired homologous chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis EX: Down Syndrome (trisomy 21), Patau's Syndrome (trisomy 13), Edwards Syndrome (trisomy 18), Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY)

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