1	Phenotype (P)		_____	interactions between alleles at different loci
2	Genotype (G)		_____	proportion of P variation solely as a result of A
3	Environment (E)		_____	avoidance of open areas and tendency to seek physical contact with objects
4	Gene-environment Interaction (GEI)		_____	procedure in which gene expression is reduced
5	Instinct		_____	typical form of an organism or gene that occurs in nature
6	Reflex		_____	stem cells that can differentiate into any type of cell
7	Major Gene		_____	proportion of P variation in a population that is due to G variation
8	Minor Gene		_____	behaviors that are performed the same way each time, fully expressed the first time they are exhibited, and present even in individuals raised in isolation
9	Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)		_____	procedure in which a single gene is rendered nonfunctional
10	QTL Mapping		_____	genetic map that shows relative positions of genetic markers on chromosomes
11	Linkage Map		_____	range of behaviors expressed by a single genotype in different environments
12	Genetic Markers		_____	alleles that code for P
13	Totipotent		_____	measurement of gene activity via quantifying gene products (mRNA); also known as gene expression profiling
14	Gene Expression Profiling		_____	conditions an individual has experienced
15	Knockout Technique		_____	statistical technique used to determine the locations of QTL
16	Thigmotaxis		_____	2D visualizations of sounds; also known as a sonogram
17	Broad-sense Heritability		_____	consistent differences in behavior in individuals over time and across different environments
18	Additive Effects (A)		_____	fruit fly larval variation that has long foraging trails and is more likely to leave a food patch
19	Dominance Effect (D)		_____	individual gene that is responsible for a small fraction of P variation
20	Epistasis (I)		_____	process by which genes are switched on or off
21	Narrow-sense Heritability		_____	observed traits of an individual
22	Gene Expression		_____	the average effect of individual genes on P
23	Microarray Analysis		_____	fruit fly larval variation that has short foraging trails and is less likely to leave a food patch
24	Close-ended Learner		_____	involuntary movement in response to a stimulus
25	Open-ended Learner		_____	stretches of DNA that either contain or are linked to genes that influence traits
26	Knockdown Technique		_____	learning can occur throughout life and be facilitated by different means
27	Spectrogram		_____	interaction between alleles at one locus
28	Reaction Norm		_____	interactions between G and E that affect P
29	Rover		_____	learning can only occur during a critical period and be facilitated by a conspecific tutor
30	Sitter		_____	individual gene that is responsible for a large fraction of P variation; also known as a candidate gene
31	Personality		_____	another method of determining candidate genes; also known as microarray analysis
32	Wild Type		_____	short sequences of known DNA